Chemistry · General Awareness

Carbon and Fossil Fuels

1,756 Questions

Review fundamental concepts regarding carbon compounds, coal distillation, and fossil fuel formation. This segment covers the chemical properties and industrial applications of natural gas and crude oil. Practicing these questions will strengthen your chemistry foundation for general science sections.

Coal distillationPetroleum formationProperties of crude oilNatural gas applications

Carbon and Fossil Fuels Questions

Multiple choice

Why are coal and petroleum exhaustible substances?

  1. They take millions of years for their formation.

  2. Their availability is limited to a particular site.

  3. There is an unavailability of alternate resources.

  4. There is limited biomass for their formation.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Coal and petroleum take millions of years to form. Due to this reason, they are exhaustible substances.

Multiple choice

Reforming is a process used for

  1. making synthetic petrol

  2. making low boiling hydrocarbons of lower molecular mass

  3. improving antiknock characteristics of fuel

  4. producing power alcohol
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Reforming is a process of bringing about structural modifications in the component of straight-run gasoline for improving its antiknock properties.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

  1. Doctor's process: Industrial chemical process for removing sulphur compounds from sour gasoline

  2. Cottrell's process: Process of obtaining petroleum ether from crude oil

  3. Dubb's process: Advanced thermal cracking process

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cottrell's process is the process of freeing oil from water by allowing the crude to flow between two highly charged electrodes.

Multiple choice

Identify the incorrect statement.

  1. Mixed base type crude is generally rich in semi-solid waxes.

  2. Petroleum ether is used as solvent.

  3. In fractional distillation of petroleum, lower boiling fractions condense first.

  4. In fractional distillation of petroleum, diesel oil fraction is obtained between 180-250 oC.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In fractional distillation of petroleum, higher boiling fractions condense first; while the lower boiling fractions turn by turn.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is FALSE about the process of 'cracking' in the petrochemical industry?

  1. It requires high temperature.

  2. It converts small hydrocarbons to more useful bigger hydrocarbons.

  3. In catalytic cracking, much lower pressure is required than thermal cracking.

  4. Petrol obtained from vapour phase cracking has better anti-knock properties than petrol from liquid phase cracking.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cracking is the decomposition of bigger hydrocarbon molecules into simpler, low boiling hydrocarbons of lower molecular weight.

Multiple choice

Which of the following catalysts are used in catalytic cracking? (a) Silica-alumina (b) Lithium aluminium hydride (c) Zeolites (d) Anhydrous aluminium chloride (e) Aluminum hydrosilicate

  1. (a), (b), (c) and (d)

  2. (a), (c) and (e)

  3. (a), (c) and (d)

  4. (b), (c) and (e)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Silica-alumina, zeolites and aluminium hydrosilicate are used in catalytic cracking. Lithium aluminium hydride used as a reducing agent in organic synthesis, especially for the reduction of esters, carboxylic acids, and amides. Anhydrous aluminium chloride is used as a catalyst for Friedel-Crafts reactions (both acylation and alkylation).

Multiple choice

Which of the following pairs are incorrectly matched ||| |---|---| | Fractions obtained by distillation of crude | Boiling range | | I. Gasoline | Below 30 oC | | II. Kerosene oil | 180-250 oC | | III. Fuel oil | 120-180 oC | | IV. Heavy oil | 320-400 oC |

  1. I and II

  2. I and III

  3. II and III

  4. II and IV
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Both I and III are incorrectly matched. Boiling range on gasoline or petrol or motor spirit is 40-120 oC. Boiling range of Diesel oil or fuel oil or gas oil is 250-320 oC.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are correct? (a) Crude oil is a non-renewable energy resource. (b) Crude oil and natural gas are generally found in metamorphic rocks. (c) The fraction of crude oil containing a mixture of hydrocarbons such as decane to hexadecane is called kerosene oil.

  1. Only (a) and (b)

  2. Only (b) and (c)

  3. Only (a) and (c)

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Statements (a) and (c) are correct, while statement (b) is incorrect. Crude oil and natural gas are generally found in sedimentary rocks.

Multiple choice

Consider the following combinations ||| |---|---| | Crude fraction| Uses| | i. Naphtha| As solvent and in dry cleaning.| | ii. Asphalt| As fuel and lubricant.| | iii. Petroleum jelly| As lubricant and in cosmetics and medicines| | iv. Heavy oil| For getting gasoline by cracking process|

Which of the combinations are correct?

  1. i, ii and iii

  2. ii, iii and iv

  3. i, iii and iv

  4. i, ii and iv
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Combinations (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct. Combination (ii) is incorrect. Asphalt is used in waterproofing of roofs and in the construction of roads.