Biology ยท Chemistry
Carbohydrates and Biomolecules
1,073 Questions
Carbohydrates and biomolecules questions test your understanding of sugars, monosaccharides, and metabolic substrates. The topic covers food transportation in plants and the biochemical properties of sweeteners. Practicing these questions builds a strong foundation for exam preparation.
Disaccharides and monosaccharidesArtificial sweetenersGlycogen storagePlant food transportGlycoprotein hormones
Carbohydrates and Biomolecules Questions
Cellulose is a polymer of:
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$\alpha -$ galactose
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$\alpha -$ glucose
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$\beta -$ galactose
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$\beta-$glucose
D
Correct answer
Explanation
Cellulose is an organic compound consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to over ten thousand $\beta$ (1 $\rightarrow$4) linked $D - glucose$ units.
What is the main type of sugar found in fruits?
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Fructose
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Glucose
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Sucrose
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Maltose
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Fruits primarily contain fructose, a natural sugar that is sweeter than sucrose and is metabolized differently in the body.
Which of the following is the first step in the digestion of carbohydrates?
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Salivary amylase breaks down starch into maltose.
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Pancreatic amylase breaks down starch into glucose.
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Lactase breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose.
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Sucrase breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose.
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Salivary amylase is an enzyme produced in the salivary glands that begins the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth.
Which of the following is NOT a type of carbohydrate that can be digested by humans?
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Starch
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Glucose
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Fructose
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Cellulose
D
Correct answer
Explanation
Cellulose is a type of carbohydrate that cannot be digested by humans because we lack the necessary enzymes to break it down.
What is the chemical formula for glucose?
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C6H12O6
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C6H14O6
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C6H10O6
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C6H8O6
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Glucose is a compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. The chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6, which indicates that there are six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms in each molecule.
What is the approximate sugar content of honey?
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30-40%
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60-70%
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80-90%
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95-100%
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Honey typically contains around 80-90% sugar, primarily composed of fructose and glucose.
Which type of carbohydrate is digested and absorbed more slowly, leading to a steadier rise in blood sugar levels?
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Simple Carbohydrates
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Complex Carbohydrates
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Refined Carbohydrates
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Processed Carbohydrates
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Complex carbohydrates are digested and absorbed more slowly than simple carbohydrates, leading to a steadier rise in blood sugar levels. They are found in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes.
Which of the following is NOT a common artificial sweetener used in carbonated soft drinks?
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Aspartame
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Sucralose
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Stevia
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High-fructose corn syrup
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Stevia is a natural sweetener derived from the leaves of the stevia plant, while aspartame, sucralose, and high-fructose corn syrup are artificial sweeteners commonly used in carbonated soft drinks.
What is the primary ingredient in diet carbonated soft drinks?
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Aspartame
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Sucralose
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Stevia
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High-fructose corn syrup
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Aspartame is the primary ingredient in diet carbonated soft drinks, providing sweetness without the calories of sugar.
What is the primary carbohydrate found in yogurt?
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Lactose
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Glucose
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Fructose
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Sucrose
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Lactose is the primary carbohydrate found in yogurt. It is a natural sugar present in milk and is responsible for the sweet taste of yogurt. Some yogurt products may contain added sugars, such as honey or fruit, which can increase the overall carbohydrate content.
Which type of sugar is commonly used in cake recipes to provide sweetness and structure?
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Granulated sugar
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Brown sugar
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Powdered sugar
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Honey
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Granulated sugar is the most common type of sugar used in baking cakes, as it provides sweetness and helps create a stable structure.
Which food processing technique involves breaking down complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars?
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Fermentation
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Pasteurization
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Homogenization
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Ultra-High Temperature (UHT) Processing
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Fermentation involves the breakdown of complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars by microorganisms, often used in the production of alcoholic beverages, yogurt, and sauerkraut.
What is the main carbohydrate found in pulses?
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Starch
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Cellulose
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Hemicellulose
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Pectin
A
Correct answer
Explanation
The main carbohydrate found in pulses is starch.
What is the main difference between low-glycemic and high-glycemic foods?
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Low-glycemic foods release glucose slowly into the bloodstream, while high-glycemic foods release glucose quickly.
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Low-glycemic foods are higher in calories than high-glycemic foods.
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Low-glycemic foods are less nutritious than high-glycemic foods.
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Low-glycemic foods are more expensive than high-glycemic foods.
A
Correct answer
Explanation
The main difference between low-glycemic and high-glycemic foods is that low-glycemic foods release glucose slowly into the bloodstream, while high-glycemic foods release glucose quickly. This can have a significant impact on blood sugar levels.
What is the glycemic index of white bread?
B
Correct answer
Explanation
White bread has a glycemic index of 70-75, which is considered to be high. This means that it can cause a rapid increase in blood sugar levels.