Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following is the proper sequence of layers in anther?

  1. Endothecium - Epidermis - Parenchyma - Tapetum

  2. Epidermis - Endothecium - Parenchyma - Tapetum

  3. Epidermis - Parenchyma - Endothecium - Tapetum

  4. Epidermis - Tapetum - Parenchyma - Endothecium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Endothecium lies below epidermis followed by 1-3 layers of parenchyma cells which are followed by tapetum.

Multiple choice

The testa of the seed develops from

  1. ovary wall

  2. ovule

  3. ovary

  4. inner integument

  5. outer integument
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

The outer integument develops into the testa of the seed after fertilisation.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is not true?

  1. A gynoecium having free carpels is termed as syncarpous

  2. A gynoecium not having fertile ovules is called pistillode

  3. Ovary is the most important part of the pistil

  4. The chambers inside the ovary are called locules
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A syncarpous gynoecium has united or fused carpels, while free or separate carpels are called apocarpous. Therefore statement A is indeed false, making it the correct answer to this 'not true' question.

Multiple choice

A family having syngenesious stamens is:

  1. rubiaceae

  2. asteraceae

  3. malvaceae

  4. fabaceae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Syngenesious stamens are stamens with their anthers united but filaments free, which is characteristic of the Asteraceae (sunflower) family. Rubiaceae, Malvaceae, and Fabaceae have different stamen arrangements.

Multiple choice

A gynoecium having carpels that are united are called

  1. apocarpous

  2. syncarpous

  3. polycarpellary

  4. pistillode
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Syncarpous gynoecium has carpels that are united or fused together. Apocarpous means carpels are free and separate. Polycarpellary means having multiple carpels but doesn't specify fusion.

Multiple choice

Dichasial cyme is formed in:

  1. jasmine

  2. sunflower

  3. clerodendron

  4. tridax
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Dichasial cyme is a type of inflorescence where the terminal flower produces two lateral branches. This arrangement is characteristic of Clerodendrum species. Sunflower (Asteraceae) has different inflorescence types.

Multiple choice

Gynoecium is composed of

  1. Carpels

  2. Microsporophyll

  3. Ovules

  4. Anther
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Gynoecium is the female reproductive part of a flower, composed of one or more carpels (megasporophylls). Each carpel contains the stigma, style, and ovary. Microsporophylls are stamens (male), ovules are structures within carpels, and anthers are pollen-producing structures.

Multiple choice

Carpels are otherwise called as:

  1. Microsporophyll

  2. Megasporangium

  3. Megasporophyll

  4. Microsporangium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Carpels are modified leaves (megasporophylls) that bear ovules. They evolved from megasporophylls in ancestral plants. Microsporophylls bear microspores (pollen) and are part of stamens. Megasporangium is the structure that contains megaspores (ovules within the carpel).

Multiple choice

A character seen in the stamens of Rubiaceae is:

  1. monodalphous stamens

  2. diadelphous stamens

  3. syngenesious stamens

  4. epipetalous stamens
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Rubiaceae (coffee family) characteristically has epipetalous stamens - stamens attached to the corolla tube. Monadelphous (stamens fused into one bundle) is seen in Malvaceae. Diadelphous (two bundles) in Fabaceae. Syngenesious (anthers fused, filaments free) in Asteraceae.

Multiple choice

The innermost whorl of the flower, seen terminally upon the thalamus, is known as:

  1. calyx

  2. corolla

  3. gynoecium

  4. androecium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Floral whorls from outermost to innermost: calyx (sepals) → corolla (petals) → androecium (stamens) → gynoecium (carpels). The innermost whorl, positioned terminally on the thalamus, is the gynoecium (female part). This arrangement follows the floral diagram sequence.

Multiple choice

A family having monadelphous stamens is:

  1. rubiaceae

  2. asteraceae

  3. euphorbiaceae

  4. malvaceae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Malvaceae (mallow family) has monadelphous stamens - filaments fused into a single tube surrounding the style, with anthers free. Rubiaceae has epipetalous stamens. Asteraceae has syngenesious stamens. Euphorbiaceae typically has free stamens.