Botany and Plant Science

A banyan leaf has pulvinus leaf base, scaly stipule, ovate lamina, entire margin and obtuse apex.

Calophyllum leaves have parallel venation. Calophyllum is a dicot plant, but it shows parallel venation.

A Unipinnate leaf with even number of leaflets is called Paripinnate leaf.

The venation seen in grass, rice and bamboo is parallel Multicostate Convergent.

The first successful production of haploid plants via anther culture was reported by Guha and Maheshwari in 1964 using Datura innoxia.

Parthenocarpy is the natural or artificially induced production of fruit without fertilization of the ovules, resulting in seedless fruits.

A legume (or pod) is a simple dry fruit that develops from a monocarpellary ovary and dehisces along both the ventral and dorsal sutures. It is characteristic of the Fabaceae family.

A follicle is a dry dehiscent fruit that develops from a single carpel and opens along only one side (the ventral suture). This distinguishes it from a legume, which opens on two sides.

An aggregate fruit is formed from a single flower that has multiple, separate (apocarpous) pistils. Each pistil develops into a small fruitlet, and the collection is considered one aggregate fruit.

An etaerio is the specific botanical term for an aggregate fruit consisting of a cluster of fruitlets derived from the separate carpels of a single flower.

When the style of a flower remains attached to the fruit and becomes feathery or plume-like, it is known as a persistent hairy style, which assists in wind dispersal.

peduncle

hypanthodium

typical raceme

rachilla