Astronomy and Celestial Phenomena

day and night occurs on earth due to its rotation. The areas facing the sun experience day and the areas away from the sun experience night.

One should never see the sun directly at the time of the eclipse as even if it is observed for a few seconds, it can cause permanent damage to retina of the eye because of the intense visible and invisible radiations emitted by the sun.

When the moon passes between the sun and the earth, moon fully or partially covers the sun as viewed from earth. In this situation, solar eclipse occurs when moon overshadows the sun or the sunlight. The dark spot seen is the shadow of the moon.

Astronomers use observed irregularities to conclude that other planets exist. 'Infer' is the correct term for drawing a conclusion based on evidence.

As sunlight enters the atmosphere, it bends due to the change in density of the air layers. This refraction allows us to see the sun even after it has physically dipped below the horizon.

The Sun and the bodies moving in orbit around the earth. The most massive body in the solar system is the Sun, a typical single star that is itself in orbit about the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. The time taken by the sun to revolve around the centre of our galaxy is 250 million years. 

The aphelion is the point in the orbit of a planet or comet where it is farthest from the Sun. The Earth reaches its aphelion when the Northern Hemisphere is experiencing summer. The point in orbit where a planet or comet is nearest to the sun is called the perihelion. The distance between the earth and sun is maximum during the Aphelion. 

If the axis were perpendicular to the orbit, the circle of illumination would pass through the poles, resulting in 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness everywhere on Earth every day. Therefore, the North Pole would experience a cycle of day and night, not permanent darkness or permanent daylight.

A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth passes directly between the Sun and the Moon, casting its shadow on the Moon.

The Earth's axis of rotation is currently aligned toward the North Star, also known as Polaris. This alignment is why the North Star appears stationary in the night sky while other stars seem to rotate around it.

Day and night occur because the Earth rotates on its axis, causing different parts of the planet to face the sun at different times.

In physics, the universe is defined as the totality of all space, time, and matter.

This is the correct answer. The Moon's gravity is lesser than the earth's gravity, but it is still effective on Earth. It pulls the water of the oceans and the seas as it gravitates around the Earth giving rise to the tides.

This is incorrect. The Sun is bigger than the Moon. The Sun and the Moon appears the same size because the latter is closer to the Earth.

At the time of an eclipse the sun the Moon and the Earth are in a straight line with the Moon between the Earth and the Sun. When the Moon blocks all the light from the Sun it is called a solar eclipse.