Astronomy and Celestial Phenomena

Sunlight takes approximately 8 minutes and 20 seconds to travel from the Sun to Earth, covering a distance of about 150 million kilometers at the speed of light.

Morning is related to Dawn; similarly Evening is related to Dusk.

The Egyptian calendar was primarily a solar calendar with 12 months of 30 days each. It was one of the first solar calendars in history. Lunar calendars follow moon phases, while the Egyptian calendar was based on the sun and the star Sirius.

When referring to unique natural objects like the sun, moon, or earth, we use the definite article 'the' because there is only one in our immediate context. We say 'the sun', 'the moon', and 'the earth' for this reason.

Sir James Jeans and Chamberlin's Tidal Hypothesis (1919) proposed that a passing star exerted tidal force on the primitive sun, pulling out material that formed planets. The sun was rotating, and the intruding star's tidal force was greater than the sun's gravitational hold. Axiom 2 (star being smaller) is not part of Jeans' original formulation.

Syzygy is an astronomical term referring to the alignment of three celestial bodies in a straight line. In the context of Earth-Sun-Moon system, it occurs during new moon (Sun-Moon-Earth aligned) and full moon (Sun-Earth-Moon aligned). Option D correctly describes this linear arrangement.

The sky appears blue because the Earth`s atmosphere scatters blue light the most.

The sentence uses a negative construction 'is not' to make a logical point. When the sky is not cloudy (covered with clouds), the sun appears bright because there are no clouds to block sunlight. 'Cloudless' would create a double negative, 'no cloud' is grammatically incorrect, and 'more cloud' doesn't fit the context.

Sun rays take approximately 8 minutes and 20 seconds (about 500 seconds) to reach Earth, traveling at the speed of light. The distance between the Sun and Earth is about 150 million kilometers. 480 seconds represents a commonly cited approximation of 8 minutes.

The zodiac is a belt-shaped region in the sky through which both the sun and moon appear to move. It's divided into 12 equal parts, each named after constellations. The apparent paths of both celestial bodies lie along this ecliptic region.

(Because) The reason here is the most important part of the sentence. So, the conjunction 'because' will be used.

(Not only does the gravitational attraction of the moon). Conjunction ''Not only….. But also'' are always used in pair. Secondly, whenever a sentence begins with a negative word, the verb is used before the subject. All these conditions are fulfilled by (3) option. 

A satellite is defined as a celestial body that orbits around another body. The Moon is called Earth's satellite because it revolves around Earth in a regular orbit, not because it lacks its own light or revolves around the Sun.

Earth's rotational axis is tilted at approximately 23.5 degrees and points toward Polaris, also known as the North Star or Polar Star. This is why Polaris appears stationary in the northern night sky while other stars appear to rotate around it.

Some words like 'last', 'yesterday', 'this morning' etc take second form of the verb after themselves. “Rose” is the right word to show the rising of the sun in the past. Hence, (1) is the correct answer.