Ancient and World History

Roman civilization was not the contemporary civilization of the Indus valley civilization.

Alexander of Macedonia destroyed the Iranian empire.

Megasthenes was a Greek ambassador sent by Seleucus I Nicator to the court of Chandragupta Maurya around 305 BCE. He wrote the famous account 'Indica' describing Indian society and governance. Porus was an Indian king, Ptolemy ruled Egypt, and Alexander died before Megasthenes was sent.

Lothal, located in Gujarat, was a prominent city of the Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan culture). Its dockyard, dating to around 2400 BCE, is among the world's oldest known, demonstrating the civilization's advanced maritime trade capabilities.

SPQR forms a meaningful sentence. The second division of the Alexandrian empire was the Graro-Egyption Kingdom, founded by Ptolemy, another general of Alexander.

Ancient Egyptians are documented as being among the first to record water treatment methods, dating back to around 1500 BC. They used methods like boiling, filtering through sand and charcoal, and exposing water to sunlight to purify it.

Child marriage was unknown to the Chera people and widow marriage was permitted during their times. The worship of departed heroes was a common practice in the Chera kingdom along with tree worship and other kinds of ancestor worships.

Megasthenes was a Greek ambassador to the court of Chandragupta Maurya.

Correct Answer: Mesopotamians

Archaeological evidence confirms Harappan trade with Mesopotamia through seals found in Mesopotamian sites and Mesopotamian texts mentioning Meluhha (identified with the Indus Valley). Trade with Greece and Rome occurred much later, during the historical period, not the Harappan era (2600-1900 BCE).

• India traded spices, ivory, textiles, precious stones and pepper.
• Roman Empire exported gold, silver, fine glassware, wine, carpets and jewels.
• China traded silk, teas and porcelain.

Augustus Caesar was the first Roman Emperor, reigning from 27 BC to 14 AD after the fall of the Roman Republic. Aristotle and Plato were Greek philosophers, while Zeus was a Greek god, not a Roman emperor.

The modern numeral system (0-9) known as Arabic numerals was actually invented by ancient Indian mathematicians. This system was transmitted to the Arab world and then to Europe, which is why they're called 'Arabic numerals' despite their Indian origin. Key Indian mathematicians like Aryabhata and Brahmagupta developed this system.

Nebuchadnezzar II built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon around 600 BCE as a gift for his wife Amytis, who missed the green hills of her homeland. The gardens were one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, though archaeological evidence for their exact location remains debated.