Air Pollution

Lichens are the best indicators of air pollution and are sensitive to Sulphur dioxide

Acid rain forms when sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from industrial emissions react with water vapor in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide contributes to general rain acidity but is not the primary cause of acid rain phenomenon.

Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur released from vehicles and industries mix with rain water and produce acid rain. Its pH is 5-5.5.

Electrostatic precipitator is used to reduce pollutants of particulate nature.

The gas which causes acid rain is sulphur dioxide.

Primary pollutants are pollutants which are directly injected into the atmosphere. Sulphuric acid is not a primary pollutant. It is a secondary pollutant.

Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a major harmful pollutant emitted by automobile engines, especially when fuel combustion is incomplete. CO is highly toxic to humans because it binds to hemoglobin more readily than oxygen. While automobiles do emit CO2 and other pollutants, CO is specifically associated with acute health risks from vehicle exhaust.

A catalytic converter is a device used to reduce the toxicity of exhaust emissions from an internal combustion engine.

Acid rain forms when sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides (including nitrous oxide) react with water vapor in the atmosphere to form sulphuric and nitric acids. These pollutants primarily come from burning fossil fuels in power plants and vehicles. Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone do not directly cause acid rain formation.

Air pollution refers to the presence of harmful or undesirable substances in the atmosphere. These include particulates, gases, and biological molecules that can harm health or the environment.

Nitrogen makes up about 78% of air and does not support combustion. In fact, nitrogen is used in fire suppression systems because it displaces oxygen and stops burning. Oxygen supports combustion, while nitrogen acts as a diluent that prevents fires from spreading.

Lichens are the indicator of pollution. By studying the behaviour of lichens the type of pollution can be detected. They are the most sensitive and die in S02 rich area.

 This is the correct option. Irrigating farmland and crops will not add in the air pollution.

Air pollution has multiple anthropogenic sources: vehicle exhaust emits nitrogen oxides and particulates, radioactive substances from nuclear activities, and smoke from burning biomass or fossil fuels. Each contributes significantly to atmospheric contamination.