Air Pollution

Depending on various geographical locations these may change, but for the most part, air is made up of 78% nitrogen (N₂), 21% oxygen (O₂), and trace amounts of carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), hydrogen (H₂), argon (Ar) and helium (He). The CO₂, CH₄, H₂, Ar, and He, when combined together, make up about 1% of air.

Vehicular exhaust typically contains carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and sulphur dioxide. Hydrogen peroxide is not a standard primary pollutant emitted by vehicle engines.

POPs stands for Persistent Organic Pollutants. These are toxic chemicals that adversely affect human health and the environment around the world.

Vehicle exhaust contains Carbon Monoxide (CO), a poisonous gas formed by incomplete combustion. The option spells it Monooxide which appears to be a typo for Monoxide. Asbestos is a building material, Carbon Tetrachloride is a solvent, and Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were used in refrigeration but are not primary exhaust components.

Smog is a type of air pollution derived from the words smoke and fog. It typically forms when pollutants react with sunlight and moisture in the atmosphere.

Acid rain is primarily caused by the emission of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which react with water vapor in the atmosphere to form sulfuric and nitric acids.

Supersonic jets release nitrogen oxides into the stratosphere, which react with and deplete the ozone layer.

Automobile emissions can be checked by installing catalytic converter. It converts unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide gas into harmless water vapour and carbon dioxide.

Acid rain is mostly caused by emissions of sulphur and nitrogen, which is highly acidic in nature. It has harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, etc.

Carbon monoxide is the principal gas which is released in the auto mobile exhaust. It creates respiratory problems as it combines with haemoglobin faster than oxygen and it is poisonous too.

Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas produced by incomplete combustion, acting as a direct pollutant. While CO2 is a greenhouse gas, CO is considered a primary pollutant under normal conditions.

Lead is a highly toxic heavy metal historically used in gasoline, which is emitted from automobile exhausts and poses significant health risks.

Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a natural component of the atmosphere and is essential for photosynthesis. While it is a greenhouse gas, it is generally not classified as a pollutant in the same sense as toxic particulates like smoke, dust, or sulfur dioxide.

The word 'smog' is a portmanteau of 'smoke' and 'fog'. It is a type of intense air pollution that occurs when smoke particles mix with water vapor in the air.