Central Nervous System

Corpus callosum is a thick band of nerve fibers that divides the cerebrum into left and right hemispheres. It connects the left and right sides of the brain allowing for communication between both hemispheres. The corpus callosum transfers motor, sensory and cognitive information between the brain hemispheres.

Neurotrophins are small proteins secreted in the nervous system at extremely low concentration. Low levels of a neurotrophin are needed to keep nerve cells alive. However, in some cases, presence of a neurotrophin can have the opposite effect by initiating cell death. During the development of nervous system, the levels of neurotrophins can control the unwanted nerve cells.

Progesterone is a steroid hormone produced by the ovaries to maintain and preserve pregnancy in the presence of a fertilized egg. Since appetite can be affected by neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, cortisol and serotonin, the hormone progesterone might indirectly control your hunger level.

Fatigue is a state of awareness describing a range of afflictions usually associated with physical and/or mental weakness though varying from a general state of lethargy to a specific work induced burning sensation within one's muscles.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease meaning that the myelin sheath of neurons is damaged. Symptoms of MS include visual and sensation problems, muscle weakness, and depression.

A reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls an action reflex. 

In this infectious disease, a specific neurotropic virus causes muscular paralysis by the destruction of the anterior horn cell or the corresponding cell of the spinal cord and medulla respectively. This disease will spread from person to person primarily via. the fecal oral route.

It is the inability to move a group of muscles in one side of the body. When hemiplegia is caused by a stroke, it often involves muscles in the face, arms, and legs. In elderly individuals, strokes are the most common cause of hemiplegia.

The white matter on each side of the spinal cord is organised into three large areas or funiculi. Each funiculus of the spinal cord is comprised of bundles of fibers that run together and subserve the same function.

It is the supportive tissue of the nervous system including the network of branched cells in the central nervous system (astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes) and the supporting cells of the peripheral nervous system (neurilemma and satellite cells).

The primary lipid of myelin is a glycolipid called galactocerebroside. A galactocerebroside or galactosylceramide is a type of cerebroside consisting a ceramide with a galactose residue at the 1-hydroxyl moiety. Galactocerebroside is a marker for oligodendrocytes in the brain whether or not they form myelin.

Parkinsonism is a neurological syndrome characterised by tremor, hypokinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. The underlying causes of parkinsonism are numerous and diagnosis can be complex. While the neurodegenerative condition, parkinson's disease is the most common cause of parkinsonism, a wide range of other etiologies may lead to a similar set of symptoms including some toxins, a few metabolic diseases.

Electroencephalography (EEG) refers to the recording of the brain's spontaneous electrical activity over a short period of time, which is usually 20 to 40 minutes as recorded from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp. EEG used to be a first line method for the diagnosis of tumors, stroke and other focal brain disorders. It is also used in the diagnosis of coma, encephalopathies, and brain death.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear colourless body fluid produced in the choroid plexus of the brain. It acts as a cushion or buffer for the cortex providing a basic mechanical and immunological protection to the brain inside the skull and serves a vital function in cerebral autoregulation of cerebral blood flow.

It is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination and leads to cognitive autism decline and psychiatric problems. It is a disorder passed down through families in which nerve cells in certain parts of the brain waste away or degenerate.

Interneuron is a nerve cell found entirely within the central nervous system that acts as a link between sensory neurons and motor neurons.

Glial cells sometimes called neuroglia are non neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons in the brain.

Rabies is a preventable viral disease of mammals and most often transmitted through the bite of a rabid animal. The rabies virus infects the central nervous system, and ultimately causing disease in the brain and can lead to death.

The forebrain is the largest part of the brain, most of which is made up of the cerebrum. Other important structures found in the forebrain include the thalamus, the hypothalamus and the limbic system.

It is the weight of the human brain. The average male's brain weighs 1360 grams (3 pounds) and the average female's brain weighs 1250 grams.

The limbic system is a complex set of brain structures that lies on both sides of the thalamus right under the cerebrum. The forebrain is the largest part of the brain, most of which is made up of the cerebrum. The important structures found in the forebrain include the thalamus, the hypothalamus and the limbic system.

The occipital lobe is the visual processing center of the mammalian brain containing most of the anatomical region of the visual cortex. The primary visual cortex is brodmann area 17 commonly called V1 (visual one). Human V1 is located on the medial side of the occipital lobe within the calcarine sulcus.

The midbrain, also called the mesencephalon, is the smallest and the most anterior part of the brainstem with a tubular appearance. It is involved in functions such as vision, hearing, movement of the eyes and body motor function.

It is involved in sensory perception and regulation of motor functions. The thalamus also plays an important role in regulating states of sleep and wakefulness. Thalamic nuclei have strong reciprocal connections with the cerebral cortex and forming thalamo cortico thalamic circuits that are believed to be involved with consciousness. The thalamus plays a major role in regulating arousal, the level of awareness, and activity. Damage to the thalamus can lead to permanent coma.

Schwann cells are the peripheral nervous system's analogues of the central nervous system's oligodendrocytes.