Food Technology (GATE)

This is the correct answer. Water soluble dietary fiber includes pectins, gums and mucilage, fructans, inulin, etc., which are found mainly in plant cells. Water insoluble dietary fibre includes- cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, chitin, xanthan, etc., which make up the structural parts of plant cell walls.

This option is correct because Methionine is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO₂CCH (NH₂) CH₂CH₂SCH₃. This essential amino acid is classified as non-polar essential amino acid and Alginic acids (Alginates) found in algae is a water insoluble dietary fiber.

This is the correct option as both the statements are correct. Mucilage is one of the examples of soluble dietary fibers. Soluble fiber dissolves in water to form a gel-like material. It can help lower blood cholesterol and glucose levels. Nigerose is composed of two glucose monomer units.

This is the correct option. Debaryomyces hansenii is used in the making of smear-ripened cheese.

This is the correct answer. P and Q both are water soluble dietary fibers.

This is the correct statement as arabis aculeolata contains napin as seed storage protein.

This is the correct option as this is the correct matching. Lauric acid contains 12 carbon atoms. Myristic acid consists of 14 carbon atoms. Palmitic acid contains 16 carbon atoms. Stearic acid contains 18 carbon atoms. 

This is the correct option. Turanose is a reducing disaccharide and consists of a glucose monomer unit and a fructose monomer unit.

This is the correct option. Lyxose is an aldopentose monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms and including an aldehyde functional group. It has chemical formula C₅H₁₀O₅. It is a C-2 carbon epimer of the sugar Xylose. Lyxose occurs only rarely in nature, for example, as a component of bacterial glycolipids.

This is the correct answer. The correct matching is P - 3, Q - 4, R - 1, S - 2. Soluble fiber is found in oats, peas, beans, apples, citrus fruits, carrots, barley and psyllium. Insoluble fiber is found in whole-wheat flour, wheat bran, nuts, beans and vegetables such as cauliflower, green beans and potatoes, are good sources of insoluble fiber. The sources of essential amino acid, histidine are egg, soy protein, peanuts, etc. Napin is found in the members of Bressicaceae or mustard family.
 

This is the correct statement. P, Q and R all are essential amino acids for humans. The indispensable amino acids or essential amino acids are those amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the organism being considered, and therefore must be supplied in its diet. The amino acids regarded as essential for humans are phenylalanine, valine, threonine, tryptophan, isoleucine, methionine, leucine, lysine, and histidine. The amino acids arginine, cysteine, glycine, glutamine, proline, serine and tyrosine are considered as conditionally essential amino acids, meaning they are not normally required in the diet, but must be supplied exogenously to specific populations that do not synthesize them in adequate amounts.

This is the correct option as the correct matching is P - 3, Q - 5, R - 1, S - 4. Histidine is alpha amino acid. The conjugate acid of the imidazole side chain. Leucine is a branched-chain α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO₂CCH (NH₂) CH₂CH (CH₃)₂.  Leucine is hydrophobic in nature dut to the presence of aliphatic isobutyl side chain. Threonine is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO₂CCH (NH₂) CH (OH )CH₃. This essential amino acid is classified as polar. Together with serine, threonine is one of two proteinogenic amino acids bearing an alcohol group (OH group). Tryptophan is one of the 22 standard amino acids and is an essential amino acid in the human diet. It has indole as fuctional group.

This is the correct answer. Monosaccharides are the major source of fuel for metabolism, being used both as an energy source (glucose being the most important in nature) and in biosynthesis. When monosaccharides are not immediately needed by many cells they are often converted to more space-efficient forms, often polysaccharides. In many animals, including humans, this storage form is glycogen, especially in liver and muscle cells.

This is the correct option as this is the correct matching. A sugar is classified as a reducing sugar only if it has an open-chain form with an aldehyde group or a free hemiacetal group. Reducing monosaccharides include glucose, glyceraldehyde and galactose. Many disaccharides, like lactose and maltose, also have a reducing form as one of the two units may have an open-chain form with an aldehyde group. However, sucrose is a disaccharide in which the anomeric carbons of the two units are linked together and are non-reducing disaccharides since neither of the rings is capable of opening. Histidine is an α-amino acid with an imidazole functional group. It is an essential amino acid. Glutamic acid is one of the 20-22 proteinogenic amino acids. It is a non-essential amino acid.

This is the correct option. The fungi, Kloeckera africana and Kluyveromyces marxianus, both are used in the making of chocolate. The bacteria kocuria rhizophila is used in the making of cheese and the bacteria gluconacetobacter oboediens is used in the making of vinegar.