Indian Constitution - 3

When the Parliament is not in session, the President can issue an ordinance to meet the urgent crisis. This has to be approved by the cabinet of ministers within six weeks from the date of reassembly of the Parliament. If approved, then it will be in operation for six months after which it has to be passed with two-third majority in the Parliament.

Freedom to assemble for peaceful protests is not guaranteed by the constitution.

Articles 25-28 of the constitution deal with the right to freedom of religion. Article 26 deals with right to manage religious affairs.

President's rule refers to Article 356 of the constitution of India and is invoked if there has been failure of the constitutional machinery in any state of India.
In the event that government in a state is not able to function as per the constitution, the state comes under the direct control of the central government.
Article 356 gave wide powers to the central government to assert its authority over a state if civil unrest occurred and the state government did not have the means to end the unrest.
 

Following are the qualifications to become the President of India:

(1) He/She must be a citizen of India. 

(2) He/She should have completed a minimum age of 35 years. 

(3) He/She should be qualified to become the member of Lok Sabha. He/She need not have the qualifications to become a member of Rajya Sabha. 

(4) He/She should not hold any office of profit under any State or Union government.

It is imposed for an initial period of six months and can last for a maximum period of three years with repeated parliamentary approval every six months.

The fundamental right guaranteed under Article 20 (3) is protective umbrella against testimonial compulsion in respect of persons accused of an offence to be witness against themselves.

Although the Prime Minister is also a part of the Parliament, he is included in the Lok Sabha. Hence, option (3) cannot be considered as the Parliament also includes the President.

It is important to note that only government servants are subjected to compulsory work for public purpose. This work includes election duty and census duty.

The newly elected President of India takes oath in the presence of the Chief Justice of India. But in his absence, the President takes oath in the presence of the seniormost judge of the Supreme Court.

The 86^th constitutional amendment, making education a fundamental right, was passed by the parliament in 2002.

The maximum strength of the House envisaged by the constitution of India is 552 which is made up by election of up to 530 members to represent the states; up to 20 members to represent the Union Territories and not more than two members of the Anglo-Indian Community to be nominated by the President of India.

The maximum strength of Lok Sabha is 552, and not 545. The present strength of Lok Sabha is 545, which is not its maximum strength.

It is a writ issued with a view to restrain a person from holding a public office to which he is not entitled.

According to article 14(2) of the constitution, the President of India is not answerable to any court of law when he is holding his office. So, he cannot be convicted for any crime he commits when he is in office and cannot be impeached. The President can be impeached only when he violates the provisions of the constitution. However, the President of USA can be impeached on grounds of corruption, murder, etc.

Whips are a party's enforcers, who typically offer inducements and threaten party members to ensure that they vote according to the official party policy.

President is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.

When a person is arrested under ordinary law crimes, he should be produced before the judicial magistrate within 24 hours, and not 48 hours.

The Legislative Assembly consists of not more than 500 members and not less than 60.
President has the power to nominate 2 Anglo Indians to the Lok Sabha. Similarly, the Governor also has the power to nominate 1 member from Anglo Indian's community as he/she deems fit.

Article 20 says that no person shall be prosecuted and punished for the same offence more than once. This is called Doctrine of Double Jeopardy.
 

If any person who has not contested assembly elections is made a cabinet minister, he should get elected to the assembly within six months.

Provisions related to Indian citizenship can be amended by 1/4 majority of the Rajya Sabha or the Lok Sabha.

The Supreme Court's exclusive original jurisdiction extends to any dispute between the Government of India and one or more states, or between the Government of India and any state or states on one side and one or more states on the other, or between two or more states, if and in so far as the dispute involves any question whether of law or of fact on which the existence or extent of a legal right depends.

A parliamentary resolution extends the state of emergency for up to six months and it can be extended indefinitely by further resolutions in six-monthly increments.

Financial emergency is proclaimed when there is a threat to the credit of India. Fundamental rights are not suspended. However, salaries can be reduced and more taxes can be levied.