Bacteria and Fungi

Each bacterial cell contains a single chromosome, which is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane.

Spirillum is a spiral or curved shaped bacterium.

Vibrio cholera are comma shaped bacteria, which have only one flagellum.

Plasmids are small rings of DNA and contain some genes, which are obtained through genetic recombination.

Pilus (pili) assists the cell in attaching to other surfaces, which is important for genetic recombination.

Nitrosomonas nitrobacter is a chemosynthetic bacterium, which produces food material by using chemical energy, which is derived from oxidisation of certain inorganic compounds.

Diplococcus pneumoniae cause pneumonia in the host organisms. Thus, they are called pathogenic parasitic bacteria.

Endospore formation by bacteria protects themselves under unfavourable conditions.

Clostridium botulinum is a saprophytic bacterium, which grows on dead and decaying matter.

Curd is prepared by the fermentation of milk sugar to lactic acid. Lactobacillus converts milk sugar, i.e. lactose into lactic acid.

The prostrate hypae over the substratum are called stolon.

Elephantiasis is caused by Wuchereria, a parasitic worm.

Sporangium contains dense multinucleate cytoplasm. There is a partition formed, which separates sporangium from sporangiophore. This partition is called columella.

Turmeric cannot be used to preserve food materials.

Amanita muscaria is deadly poisonous and should not be eaten.

Milk powder is preserved through dehydration.

During pasteurisation, milk is heated at 60°C for 30 minutes, and then quickly chilled.

Endospore formation takes place in bacteria.

In the process of cheese production, Asperigillus and Penicillium are used for flavouring cheese.

Treating food with salt for preservation is called curing.