Research Methodology

This option is correct. Ethical considerations must be considered in all forms and types of research. No research can be conducted which is ethically not acceptable. Thus, both the qualitative as well as quantitative research have ethical constraints.

This is the correct option as the quantitative research tries to completely eliminate the research bias by being as objective as possible. Structured processes of quantitative approach and the use of controls play a very strong role in eliminating the bias as well as subjectivity.

This sampling technique involves tracing rare sample through referrals from the already identified members of the sample.

Since the author is repeating the whole publication again, the term repetitive publication is used.

Readmission rate is the dependent variable as it is dependent on the family support.

Since unstructured interview schedule offers enough flexibility to the interviewer to ask situational questions and explore the concepts in required depth. The depth of information is central to the qualitative research approach, which is the most appropriate method of data collection.

This is the correct option. Since the cause is not affected by the effect, the cause is considered as the independent variable.

Quantitative research focuses at predicting the relationship between two variables in the form of hypothesis and then sets to prove or disapprove it through manipulation. Controlling the effect of non-research variables is another purpose of a quantitative research. Thus, 'predictition and control' is the study purpose in quantitative approach.

Since reliability issue concerns measurements; it has no relevance in qualitative research. In fact, it is considered as irrelevant and the study may not be good. Thus, this aspect is not considered in evaluating the strength of evidence in a qualitative study.

Inductive reasoning moves from specific observations to broader generalisations as in the qualitative research.

Blinding is the process of not permitting the data collector as well as the sample to be aware of their participation as a member of the control or the experimental group. The participants only know that they are participating in a research but they do not know which group they will be assigned to.

Type 1 error is considered to be take place when the null hypothesis should have been accepted but is rejected due to wrong decision made by the researcher. It can be considered as a false positive result. Thus, this is the right answer.

 

Ethnography is concerned with extracting meaning from naturally occurring events in the natural socio-cultural environment and is the correct choice.

Since the research is being repeated or replicated on another sample, the term replication is used for this approach.

Inductive approach moves from specific observations to broader generalisations as in the qualitative research and thus helps in exploring deeply the aspects about which very little is known.

This approach to research was initially used in the anthropology to understand cultures. However, now this approach is being used by a large number of disciplines.

Deductive reasoning characterises quantitative approach, which sets to test the hypothesis. This approach moves from general to specific in such a way that conclusions are drawn on the basis of available facts which start with a supposed hypothesis in mind.

Positivism view the world from a scientific perspective and thus believes in scientific, empirically testable methods, which are also the aim of quantitative researches.

Quantitative research generally involves large samples which are representative of a population and thus aims to generalize the findings of the research at least to that population. However, the findings can also be generalized to other similar populations.

A correlation coefficient shows a relationship on the basis of its nearness to 1. A coefficient of 1 indicates a perfect correlation. Thus nearer is the value to 1, stronger is the relationship between two variables. 0.95 is nearest to 1 in the given set of values.

Institutional Review Board provide ethical clearance to a research conducted in the institution. IRB is generally used to abbreviate Institutional Review Board.

Randomisation to avoid bias, control on the effect of extraneous variables and manipulation of the independent variable to see its effect on the dependent variables characterizes an experimental study.

Systematic random sampling involves a systematic method of selecting every nth number in the population to be a member of the sample, although the first member of the sample may be selected by simple random method. Since every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected into the sample, the technique is considered as systematic as well as random.

Anonymity is one of the ethical components of research and requires the researcher to keep the identity of the research subject anonymous by not revealing it to anybody.

A case control study is a type of observational study involving observation of two groups for their exposure as well as outcome. Since the outcome has already occurred and the researcher looks back into the past to identify the exposures, the study is considered as retrospective in nature. Since two groups having the disease and not having the disease (control group) are used, a case control study can be considered as a retrospective study with a control group.