Biotechnology (GATE)

CD 8 is a transmembrane glycoprotein present in suppressor T cells.

This option is correct because Ornithine and Citrulline are non-protein amino acids.

Correct answer.
Chlorotrianisene is a non-steroidal synthetic estrogen that was formerly used for the treatment of menopause, deficiencies in ovary function, and prostate cancer.
Diethylstilbestrol is a synthetic non-steroidal estrogen that was first synthesised in 1938.
Fosfestrol is a synthetic estrogen used as an antineoplastic agent.

This option is correct because all are correctly matched.
Aromatic amino acids can be detected by xanthoproteic reaction.
Edman degradation can be used to determine the amino acid sequence of a protein.
Millon’s test is used for identification of tyrosine.
Hopkins-Cole reaction is used for identification of tryptophan.

The ability of the component cells of callus to form a whole plant is known as redifferentiation.

Correct answer.
Microbiosensors can be integrated on one chip and are useful for measuring various substrates in a small amount of sample solution simultaneously.
It is possible to develop disposable transducers for biosensors through mass production.

Correct answer.
Kinetin is a type of cytokinin, a class of plant hormone that promotes cell division.
Zeatin is a plant hormone derived from the purine adenine. It is a member of the plant growth hormone family known as cytokinins.
6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) is a first-generation synthetic cytokinin that elicits plant growth and development responses, setting blossoms and stimulating fruit richness by stimulating cell division.

Transfection refers to the introduction of foreign gene into a cell. Transfection (the delivery of DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells) is a powerful tool used to study and control gene expression. Cloned genes can be transfected into cells for biochemical characterisation, mutational analyses, investigation of the effects of gene expression on cell growth, investigation of gene regulatory elements, and to produce a specific protein.

Correct answer.
Cycloheximide is an inhibitor of protein biosynthesis in eukaryotic organisms, produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.
Anisomycin, also known as flagecidin, is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces griseolus which inhibits protein synthesis.
Bialaphos is a natural herbicide produced by the bacteria Streptomyces hygroscopicus and Streptomyces viridochromeogenes.

Correct answer.
The normal role of restriction endonucleases in bacterial cells is to degrade invading phage DNA.
Bacterial cells protect their own DNA from degradation by restriction endonucleases by methylating the DNA at the sites that the enzyme recognises.

Correct answer.
In the cell cycle, replication of the genome occurs in the S phase. During C phase, a cleavage furrow is formed in animal cells.
G1 is the primary growth phase of a cell. The spindle forms in the M phase.

Correct answer is:
Gibberellins are used to stimulate embryo or shoot development.
Cytokinins are growth regulators which promote cell division.
Auxins are growth regulators that cause plant cells to grow.

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is a method that reveals intra-specific variation and diversity between species.

Correct answer.
Hybridoma is a cell that is produced in the laboratory from the fusion of an antibody-producing lymphocyte and a non-antibody-producing cancer cell, usually a myeloma or lymphoma. It proliferates and produces a continuous supply of a specific monoclonal antibody.
During recombinant insulin synthesis, the bond between insulin polypeptide and galactosidase can be removed by using cyanogen bromide.
The Ti plasmid (tumor-inducing plasmid) of agrobacterium tumefaciens has been developed as a vehicle for introducing foreign genes into plants.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), is a technology used for amplifying DNA sequences.

The inhibition of glycolysis by oxygen is referred to as Pasteur effect because this is due to inhibition of the enzyme phosphofructokinase by ATP and citrate (formed in the presence of O₂).