The Spread of Cuneiform Beyond Mesopotamia: Anatolia, Syria, and Persia

The Hittites were an ancient civilization that inhabited Anatolia and adopted cuneiform for their own writing system, known as Hittite cuneiform.

Ugaritic was the cuneiform writing system used in ancient Syria, particularly in the city of Ugarit.

The Achaemenid Empire, founded by Cyrus the Great, adopted cuneiform for administrative and economic purposes, alongside other writing systems.

Eblaite was the cuneiform writing system used in ancient Ebla, an important city-state in ancient Syria.

The Elamites, an ancient civilization in Persia, used cuneiform for religious and literary purposes, alongside their own writing system.

Amorite was the cuneiform writing system used by the Amorites, an ancient Semitic-speaking people who inhabited parts of Mesopotamia and Syria.

The Hurrians, an ancient civilization in Anatolia, used cuneiform for diplomatic and commercial purposes, alongside their own writing system.

Old Persian was the cuneiform writing system used in ancient Persia during the Achaemenid Empire.

The Eblaites, an ancient civilization in Syria, used cuneiform for administrative and economic purposes.

Middle Persian was the cuneiform writing system used in ancient Persia during the Sassanid Empire.

The Hittites, an ancient civilization in Anatolia, used cuneiform for religious and literary purposes, alongside their own writing system.

Parthian was the cuneiform writing system used in ancient Persia during the Parthian Empire.

The Ugaritians, an ancient civilization in Syria, used cuneiform for diplomatic and commercial purposes.

Elamite was the cuneiform writing system used in ancient Elam, a region in southwestern Iran.

The Assyrians, an ancient civilization in Anatolia, used cuneiform for administrative and economic purposes, alongside their own writing system.