Structure and Organization of the Legislative Branch

The Supreme Court is part of the judicial branch of the United States government, not the legislative branch.

There are 100 members of the Senate, with two senators from each state.

There are 435 members of the House of Representatives, with the number of representatives from each state based on its population.

Senators serve six-year terms, with one-third of the Senate up for election every two years.

Representatives serve two-year terms, with all members of the House up for election every two years.

The Senate is considered the upper chamber of Congress, while the House of Representatives is considered the lower chamber.

The Senate is generally considered the more powerful chamber of Congress, as it has the power to confirm presidential appointments and ratify treaties.

The Speaker of the House presides over the House of Representatives, appoints committee chairs, and introduces legislation.

The Majority Leader in the Senate leads the majority party, sets the Senate's agenda, and appoints committee chairs.

The Minority Leader in the Senate leads the minority party, offers alternative proposals to the majority party, and holds the majority party accountable.

Standing committees in Congress hold hearings on legislation, draft legislation, and oversee the executive branch.

Select committees in Congress investigate specific issues, make recommendations to Congress, and draft legislation.

The Congressional Budget Office provides budget estimates for legislation, analyzes the economic impact of legislation, and makes recommendations on fiscal policy.

The Government Accountability Office audits government programs, investigates government waste and fraud, and makes recommendations to Congress on how to improve government efficiency.

A bill becomes a law through the following process: introduction, committee consideration, floor debate, and presidential signature.