Skepticism and Epistemic Justification

Skepticism is a philosophical school of thought that questions the possibility of knowledge or the reliability of our beliefs.

The Dream Argument, the Evil Demon Argument, and the Brain in a Vat Argument are all common skeptical arguments that aim to show that our knowledge is unreliable.

Pyrrhonian skepticism is a school of skepticism that argues that knowledge is impossible because all beliefs are equally justified and there is no way to know which beliefs are true.

Academic skepticism is a school of skepticism that argues that knowledge is only possible through sense experience because all other sources of knowledge are unreliable.

Cartesian skepticism is a school of skepticism that argues that knowledge is only possible through reason because all other sources of knowledge are unreliable.

Humean skepticism is a school of skepticism that argues that knowledge is only possible through sense experience because all other sources of knowledge are unreliable.

Kantian skepticism is a school of skepticism that argues that knowledge is only possible through reason because all other sources of knowledge are unreliable.

Wittgensteinian skepticism is a school of skepticism that argues that knowledge is only possible through language because all other sources of knowledge are unreliable.

Quinean skepticism is a school of skepticism that argues that knowledge is only possible through language because all other sources of knowledge are unreliable.

Rorty's skepticism is a school of skepticism that argues that knowledge is only possible through language because all other sources of knowledge are unreliable.

Derrida's skepticism is a school of skepticism that argues that knowledge is only possible through language because all other sources of knowledge are unreliable.

Foucault's skepticism is a school of skepticism that argues that knowledge is only possible through power because all other sources of knowledge are unreliable.

Butler's skepticism is a school of skepticism that argues that knowledge is only possible through faith because all other sources of knowledge are unreliable.

Pascal's skepticism is a school of skepticism that argues that knowledge is only possible through faith because all other sources of knowledge are unreliable.

Kierkegaard's skepticism is a school of skepticism that argues that knowledge is only possible through faith because all other sources of knowledge are unreliable.