Faraday's Law

Faraday's Law states that the magnitude of the induced EMF is equal to the negative rate of change of magnetic flux through the conductor.

Lenz's Law states that the direction of the induced EMF is such that it opposes the change in magnetic flux that produced it.

The unit of magnetic flux is the Weber (Wb), which is defined as the magnetic flux through a surface of area 1 square meter perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field of 1 Tesla.

A transformer transfers electrical energy through magnetic coupling, where the primary and secondary coils are linked by a common magnetic field.

The turns ratio of a transformer is the ratio of the number of turns in the primary coil to the number of turns in the secondary coil.

In a generator, mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy through Faraday's Law, which states that a changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF) in a conductor.

The output voltage of a generator is directly proportional to the speed of rotation, the magnetic field strength, and the number of turns in the armature coil.

The back EMF in a motor is the EMF induced in the motor's armature due to the rotation of the rotor.

The torque produced by a motor is directly proportional to the current flowing through the motor's armature, the magnetic field strength, and the back EMF.

The efficiency of a transformer is the ratio of the output power to the input power.

The power factor of an AC circuit is the ratio of the real power to the apparent power.

A capacitor stores electrical energy in the form of an electric field.

The capacitance of a capacitor is directly proportional to the area of the plates, the permittivity of the dielectric material, and inversely proportional to the distance between the plates.

The energy stored in a capacitor is given by $E = rac{1}{2}CV^2$, where C is the capacitance and V is the voltage across the capacitor.

An inductor stores electrical energy in the form of a magnetic field.