Organisation of Life

Allosteric enzyme, upon binding an effector, changes its shape, which in turn changes its affinity towards its product. The effector never binds with the catalytic site of the enzyme.

GABA is systhesised from glutamate by the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase. It is an inhibitory neurotransmitter.

Alanine transaminase transfers its amino group, which forms pyruvate.

Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase does not use NADP as its co-enzyme.

The concentration of substrate when the velocity of the reaction is half of the maximum velocity is expressed as Michales Menten constant Km. The lower the value of Km, the greater the affinity of enzymes for the substrate.

Glyceraldehyde consists of four 3-carbons, which is an intermediate component of the glycolysis.

Glycogen is a branched molecule of glucose subunit of glucose molecules, which are linked by á1-4 linkage and á1-6 linkage at the branching point. So, it has only one reducing end and several non-reducing ends.

Pernicious anemia is a condition in which body cannot make enough red blood cells because it lacks vitamn B12.

SDS PAGE is not used in if a particular protein has to be separated in the basis of their biological activity. As there is no treatment with SDS, all the proteins will carry their own charge at the pH and will move according to their different electrophoretic mobilities.

Myoglobin is not an allosteric protein. Myoglobin has a hoghe affinity for oxygen than haemoglobin, so it has a hyperbolic curve.

Diehtylaminoethyl is the positively charged group of DEAE.

As both the substrate and the inhibitor share the same binding site in the enzyme, they will compete with each other in binding. This will exert an competitive inhibition. If substarte concentration is increased to a greater level, then the inhibition will be released.

Isoelectric focussing (IEF) is an electrophoretic method that separates proteins according to their isoeletric points(pI). proteins carry both positive and negative charges and their net charge depends highly on the pH of their surroundings. the pI is the specific pH at which the net charge on a protein molecule is zero. Thus, Isoelectric focussing technique used to separate proteins works on the principle of electrophoretic separation based on relative content of acidic and basic residues.

The cytosol is a reducing environment whereas the extracellular milieu is an oxidising environment. Disulphide bonds are formed as a result of oxidation of thiol group and it requires an oxidising environment.

To separate a positively charged protein, we should use a negatively charged resin. For example, commonly we use the resin Phosphocellulose, which is a negatively charged resin for the cation exchange chromatography.

Pfu polymerase has proof reading activity, so if there is any mispaired binding, it will repair this base pairing so that there will be no mispairing. Proof reading activity is absent in Taq polymerase, so it cannot repair any mispairing.

The proteins that are designated to enter endoplasmic reticulum for post translational modification bear a characteristic signal sequence generally on their N terminal that is used by specific receptor in ER membrane to make its entr yin to ER lumen.

Glutamic acid produces GABA, which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter.

Mg acts as a co-factor for Taq polymerase. With the increase of Mg, the specificity of Taq decreases.

In an enzyme mix, both substrates and inhibitors have been added. Both of them interact with the same binding site of the enzyme.