Plant Tissues and Cellular Metabolism

It is defined as the meristem appearing later in the life cycle of a plant. It develops dedifferentiation in the permanent tissues. It causes secondary growth in the plant body. The prominent examples are cork cambium and vascular cambium.

The meristematic cells are comparitively small in size than matured plant cells.

It is defined as the meristematic tissue differentiating into protective structures like epidermis.

Every permanent tissues contain either one or two large and distinct vacuoles. In a particular specialised cell, the vacuole is exhibited by lumen.

It is defined as the parenchyma where cells enfold large intercellular spaces filled with air. It helps in buoyancy and respiration. It is peculiarly found in aquatic floating plants.

This is defined as the parenchyma occuring radially & being arranged in between the vascular bundles in the stem. It is meant for storage of conserved food in the plants.

It is defined as the inner most layer of cortex having barrel-shaped parenchyma cells mainly meant for storing the food.

This is defined as the xylem components which in certain angiosperms is confined to leaf surface only.

It is defined as the collenchyma where the deposition of hemicellulose and pectin takes place only in the angles between the cells. It is found in the stem, usually below the epidermis, forming a region called hypodermis.

Here xylem and phloem are present alternately in separate bundles. It is the characteristic feature of the root.

These are described as the phloem components consisted of living parenchyma cells, which are found in between the sieve tubes. They are meant only for storage of organic food.

The epidermis of green parts of plants like leaf and herbaceous stem posses many stomata which are surrounded by guard cells.

It is described as the outermost covering of the stem. It is represented by a single layer of densely arranged, barrel-shaped parenchymatous cells having no intercellular spaces.

These are situated in between the vascular bundles & are meant for the storage of food in the plant body.

Glycolysis is defined as the first step of cellular respiration where glucose is oxidized to either lactate or pyruvate.

In higher organisms, lactic acid is the final end product of RBCs respiration produced from pyruvic acid.

It is defined as the series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic animals to produce energy through the oxidization of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and water.The product of beta oxidation is metabolized by the actions of TCA cycle.

The liver cells are capable of detaching the phosphate group using the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase and release the free glucose into the bloodstream for uptake by other cells of the body.

It is defined as the oxidative degradation of saturated fatty acids in which two- carbon units are sequentially removed from the molecule.

Most of the energy made feasible by the oxidative steps of the TCA is converted as energy-rich electrons to NAD+, producing NADH. For each acetyl group that enters the TCA cycle, three molecules of NADH are produced.

In a resting muscle, fatty acids are the main source of energy. During work or exertion like heavy exercises, glucose is the primary source.

It is defined as an important molecule in the metabolism processes of the human body. It is composed of two carbon atoms & is common in carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism in the body.

It is defined as a water soluble vitamin necessary for the proper maintenance of red blood cell metabolism, the nervous system, the immune system, and many other bodily functions. It also acts as a coenzyme for transaminase enzymes.

Yes, during aerobic respiration only 40 % energy is stored in form of ATP molecules & approximately 60% of the available energy is lost during aerobic respiration.

Transamination occurs when an amino acid is transferred from an essential amino acid to the appropriate keto acid to produce a nonessential amino acid.