Biological Kingdoms: Fungi, Algae & Bacteria

These protozoans are present as endoparasites in different groups of animals. They does not posses any locomotory organs. Their body has a tough covering called cuticle and a single nucleus.

These are spores like structures produced by the breaching up of hypha cells. They do not store reserve food and hence cannot survive under unfavourable conditions. Such spores are produced in Rhizopus.

In the process of gametangial contact, gamete carrying the structures called gametangia come closer to each other and develop a fertilisation tube through which the male gamete migrates into the female gametangium.Eg. Phytophthora & Albugo.

Cladosporium is a genus of fungi including some of the most common indoor and outdoor molds. They form olive-green to brown or black colonies, and have dark-pigmented conidia that are formed in simple or branching chains. 

It is a weak parasitic fungus. It causes black stains and fruit drop in jackfruit by deteriorating the stem, fruit rot and male flowers.

Penicillium chrysogenum is common in damp or water damaged buildings. It is the source of several β-lactam antibiotics. The most important antibiotic penicillin is obtained from it.

It is a mesophilic and filamentous fungus. It can secrete large amount of cellulolytic enzymes .

This fungus is commercially used to generate enzymes which can be used to form a microbial rennet to curd milk and produce cheese.

Alternaria carotiincultae is a plant pathogen & causes leaf blight on carrot.

Alternaria are major plant pathogens & human allergens. They readily cause subtle infections in immunocompromised persons such as AIDS patients.

They are free-floating, aquatic plants, e.g. algae, protists, and cyanobacteria.

These are a major group of algae. They are unicellular & producers within the food chain. They are encased within a unique cell wall made of silica called a frustule.

It is a green, pyramid shaped planktonic algae.  It is highly significant in biotechnology.

It is a green alga. It is commonly known as sea grape. It is a common seaweed.

It is an edible algae. It is a common seaweed having a high mineral salt content, especially iodine and iron. It is used particularly in Korean cuisines.

This phylum of the kingdom protista contains photosynthetic organisms commonly known as red algae. Members of this division have a peculiar clear red colour imparted by accessory pigments called phycobilins. They are multicellular and are characterized by a great deal of branching.

It is a microalga. It has high lipid content so it has been regarded as a most suitable candidate organism for cosmetics and biofuel production.

Halimeda is a green macroalgae. Its thallus is composed of calcified green segments. Calcium carbonate is deposited in its tissues, making it inedible to most herbivores.

It is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria. It can be obligate aerobes or facultative anaerobes, and test positive for the enzyme catalase.

It helps in attachment of bacteria to other cells or azoic surfaces to form biofilms. It can also be used as a food reserve for the cell.

It is an omnipresent algae. It does not contain chlorophyll. It is mainly present in the environment and is a rare cause of infection in humans.

These are spindle-shaped structures present in planktonic bacteria. They provide buoyancy to these cells by decreasing their overall cell density.

These are impermeable structures. These structures protect bacteria from phagocytosis and desiccation.

This algae resembles small tufts of black hairs, or a black carpet. It usually forms on slow-growing plants such as Anubias, but it can also grow on gravel.