Indian Contributions to Astronomy and Cosmology

Aryabhata, in the 5th century CE, proposed a heliocentric model in which the Earth and other planets revolved around the Sun.

Aryabhata introduced the concept of the 'zero' and developed a system of positional notation in the 5th century CE.

Maharaja Jai Singh II constructed five Jantar Mantars in different cities across India, including Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Varanasi, and Mathura.

Aryabhata, in the 5th century CE, calculated the Earth's circumference to be approximately 40,000 km, which is remarkably close to the modern value.

Varahamihira, in the 6th century CE, classified planets into different categories based on their motion, appearance, and influence on human affairs.

Aryabhata, in the 5th century CE, wrote the 'Surya Siddhanta', which became a foundational text in Indian astronomy and was later translated into Arabic and Latin.

Bhaskara II, in the 12th century CE, wrote the 'Lilavati', which became a standard textbook for mathematics and astronomy in India.

Brahmagupta, in the 7th century CE, wrote the 'Brahmasphuta Siddhanta', which included significant advances in mathematics, such as the solutions to quadratic equations.

Bhaskara II, in the 12th century CE, wrote the 'Siddhānta Śiromani', which covered a wide range of astronomical and mathematical topics.

Aryabhata, in the 5th century CE, wrote the 'Aryabhatiya', which became a foundational text in Indian astronomy and mathematics.

Varahamihira, in the 6th century CE, wrote the 'Pancasiddhantika', which compared the astronomical systems of five different schools of thought.

Varahamihira, in the 6th century CE, wrote the 'Brihat Samhita', which covered a wide range of topics related to astrology and astronomy.

Brahmagupta, in the 7th century CE, wrote the 'Khandakhadyaka', which covered a wide range of astronomical and mathematical topics.

Mayananda, in the 10th century CE, wrote the 'Surya Prajnapti', which covered a wide range of astronomical topics.

Nilakantha Somayaji, in the 15th century CE, wrote the 'Tantrasamgraha', which covered a wide range of astronomical and mathematical topics.