Software Testing and Agile Methodology

Test Driven Development (TDD) is a core Agile practice where tests are written before code. Waterfall is sequential, RUP is use-case driven, and Spiral is risk-driven; none emphasize test-first like Agile does.

N-Switch Testing is a state transition testing technique where test cases are designed to execute all valid sequences of N-transitions. N-Switch Coverage is the metric used to measure this testing, but the design method itself is N-Switch Testing.

QTP can validate multiple checkpoint types: standard checkpoints verify object properties, text checkpoints check text content, and bitmap checkpoints compare visual appearance. All listed types are valid QTP checkpoint categories.

QTP (QuickTest Professional) is a functional automation tool for GUI testing. LoadRunner and Silk Performer are performance testing tools, not functional automation tools.

QTP has two main views: Keyword View (tabular, icon-based) and Expert View (VBScript code). Parameter, Active Screen, and Data Table are panes/features, not views. Keyword View is the correct answer.

RUP has four phases: Inception, Elaboration, Construction, and Transition. Option A lists Inception (correct). Options B, C, D are not RUP phases; invention/coding/debugging are activities, not phases.

In Pair Programming, the person typing is the Driver and the person reviewing is the Navigator. The Driver focuses on coding mechanics while the Navigator thinks about strategy, design, and catching errors.

In HP Quality Center (now ALM), the Test Plan module is where test plans and test cases are created, organized, and documented. Test Lab is for execution/test sets, not documentation.

In the standard testing sequence (Unit → Integration → System → Acceptance), User Acceptance Testing (UAT) is the final phase after System testing. Unit and Integration testing come before System testing.

QTP (QuickTest Professional, now UFT) uses VBScript as its scripting language. 'VB' is correct as it refers to VBScript. TSL is for WinRunner, SQA Basic is for SQA Robot, and PERL is unrelated.

Rational Robot (not Ratiional) uses SQA Basic scripting language, a variant of BASIC. PERL is a different language, TSL is for WinRunner, VB is Visual Basic. Note: question has typo 'Ratiional'.

All three statements about Agile Testing are true: (a) Agile delivers small working code regularly, (b) Continuous integration/testing reduces defects, (c) Agile accepts late binding requirements (changes allowed). These are core Agile principles.

The Agile Manifesto values working SOFTWARE over comprehensive documentation, not 'Working Hardware'. Hardware is incorrect. The other three values (a, c, d) are correct. Since one statement is wrong, the overall answer is False.

Agile Management DOES use iterative cycles (a is wrong saying 'NotIterative'), DOES have rapid feedback (b is wrong), and DOES deliver early value (c is correct). Since statements contain clear contradictions (a and b say 'Not' to core Agile principles), the overall answer is False.

Agile technical practices DO use TDD (a is correct), DO use Continuous Integration (b is wrong saying 'Non-Continuous'), and DO have high coding standards (c is wrong saying 'Low'). Since statements contradict core Agile technical practices, the answer is False.

Agile Planning Phase typically involves identifying desired features, estimating their size, calculating duration based on velocity, and creating a schedule. These are core planning activities in Agile methodologies like Scrum.

Software testing typically accounts for 40-50% of software development costs according to industry studies. This reflects the significant effort required for quality assurance activities throughout the development lifecycle.

When a program does not work correctly, testing is considered a failure because it has revealed a defect. The goal of testing is to find failures so they can be fixed before deployment.

Alpha and Beta testing are user acceptance testing methods where actual end-users test the software before general release. Alpha testing is done at developer site, Beta at user's site.