To answer this question, you need to understand the concepts of top-down integration and bottom-up integration.

Option A) Top-down integration - This option is incorrect because top-down integration starts with the highest-level modules and gradually integrates lower-level modules.

Option B) Bottom-up integration - This option is correct because bottom-up integration starts with the terminal modules (i.e., the lowest-level modules) and gradually integrates higher-level modules.

Option C) None of the above - This option is incorrect because one of the given options is correct.

Option D) Module integration - This option is incorrect because it does not accurately describe the process starting with the terminal modules.

The correct answer is Option B) Bottom-up integration. This option is correct because it accurately describes the process starting with the terminal modules and gradually integrating higher-level modules.

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• Wrong explanation

To answer this question, let's go through each option to understand why it is correct or incorrect:

Option A) The adequacy of the test objectives for that level - This option is correct. Collecting metrics during and at the end of a test level can help assess the adequacy of the test objectives for that level. It allows us to measure if the objectives were met and if the testing activities were aligned with the intended goals.

Option B) The adequacy of the test approach - This option is correct. Collecting metrics during and at the end of a test level can help assess the adequacy of the test approach. It allows us to evaluate if the chosen approach was effective in achieving the desired outcomes and if any adjustments or improvements are needed.

Option C) The effectiveness of the testing with respect to its objectives - This option is correct. Collecting metrics during and at the end of a test level can help assess the effectiveness of the testing with respect to its objectives. It allows us to measure if the testing activities were successful in achieving the desired results and if any further actions are required.

Option D) All of the above - This option is correct. Collecting metrics during and at the end of a test level is necessary to assess all the mentioned aspects: the adequacy of the test objectives, the adequacy of the test approach, and the effectiveness of the testing with respect to its objectives. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

The correct answer is D) All of the above. This option is correct because collecting metrics during and at the end of a test level is essential to assess the adequacy of the objectives, the approach, and the effectiveness of the testing.

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• Wrong explanation

To answer this question, we need to understand the concepts of testing, quality assurance, and external failures.

Testing and quality assurance involve activities aimed at detecting and preventing defects in a product before it is released to customers. These activities typically include testing the product against various scenarios and requirements, identifying and fixing any issues found, and ensuring that the product meets quality standards.

On the other hand, external failures refer to defects or issues that are discovered by customers or users after the product has been released. These failures can result in customer dissatisfaction, product recalls, warranty claims, or even legal issues.

The given statement states that the costs involved in testing and quality assurance are less than the costs associated with external failures. This means that investing in testing and quality assurance upfront to prevent defects is more cost-effective than dealing with the consequences of external failures.

Therefore, the correct answer is:

B) Less

This option is correct because it aligns with the understanding that the costs involved in testing and quality assurance are lower compared to the costs associated with external failures.

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• Wrong explanation