Technology Fundamentals Quiz

NVRAM stands for Non-Volatile Random Access Memory, which retains data even when power is removed. The non-volatile property distinguishes it from regular RAM that requires continuous power.

RADAR stands for RAdio Detection And Ranging, a system that uses radio waves to detect the presence, direction, and distance of objects. The Detection And Ranging accurately describes radar's dual function.

LASER is correctly expanded as Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Option A is grammatically incorrect (Amplified instead of Amplification), Option B uses wrong adverb (Lightly), and Option C uses wrong terminology (Stimulation instead of Stimulated).

LED stands for Light-Emitting Diode, a semiconductor device that emits light when current flows through it. Option B is incorrect (Lightly instead of Light), and Option C has nonsensical wording (Diagonaly).

LIMS stands for Laser-Induced Mass Spectrometry, an analytical technique that uses lasers to ionize samples for mass analysis. Option A is wrong (Light instead of Laser), Option B is incorrect (Low-Induction), and Option D is nonsensical (Messive Speedometer).

PLA stands for Programmable Logic Array, a digital logic device that can be programmed to implement specific combinational logic functions. Option B is incorrect (Program instead of Programmable), Option C uses wrong word form (Programming), and Option D is incorrect (Logical instead of Logic).

PMOS stands for Positive-channel Metal-Oxide Semiconductor, which uses p-type transistors where the channel is conducting when the gate voltage is low. The 'P' refers to p-type (positive charge carrier) channel material used in these transistors, which complement NMOS (N-channel) devices in CMOS technology.

MAGRAM stands for MAGnetic Radar Absorbing Material, which are specialized materials used in stealth technology to absorb radar waves and reduce radar cross-section. These materials use magnetic properties to dissipate radar energy as heat, making objects less detectable by radar systems.

MD-MOS stands for Multi-Drain Metal-Oxide Semiconductor, which refers to MOSFET devices with multiple drain terminals. These devices are used in analog applications where multiple output currents or signal routing from a single gate input is required.

BiCMOS stands for Bipolar Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor, which combines bipolar junction transistors (BJT) and CMOS technology on a single chip. This integration leverages the high speed of BJTs and the low power consumption of CMOS, offering advantages in high-performance analog and digital circuits.

BiFET stands for Bipolar Field-Effect Transistor, which combines bipolar junction transistors and FETs on the same chip. This hybrid technology provides the high input impedance of FETs with the high current gain of BJTs, useful in amplifiers requiring both characteristics.

EEPROM stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, which is non-volatile memory that can be erased and rewritten electrically. Unlike standard EPROM that requires UV light for erasure, EEPROM can be erased in-circuit using electrical signals, making it more convenient for field updates.

IEEE 802.3z is the standard for Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbps). In contrast, 802.3u defines Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps), and 802.3 is the original base standard for Ethernet. The letter suffixes denote different speed and media specifications.

DLCI (Data Link Connection Identifier) is the identifier used in Frame Relay to determine which virtual circuit a frame belongs to. Each DLCI identifies a specific PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) through the Frame Relay network. DTE and DCE are devices, and LMI is a signaling protocol, but only DLCI identifies the channel.

When moving a host device between switches, you must complete the setup on the new switch (A) and clean up the old switch (C). Configuring the MAC-to-port association on the new switch ensures proper connectivity, while removing access lists from the old switch prevents security conflicts. You don't need to configure the old switch (B) since the device is leaving it, and removing port security from the new switch (D) would defeat its purpose.

Cisco's three-layer hierarchical model (core, distribution, access) is designed to create networks based on traffic flow patterns and requirements. The core layer handles high-speed transport, distribution handles policy-based connectivity, and access provides local workstation connectivity. It does not manage device addressing (B), divide protocol functions (C), or describe encapsulation (D).

The Catalyst 1900 series switches use fragment-free switching as the default mode. Fragment-free reads the first 64 bytes of the frame to detect collisions before forwarding, balancing between cut-through (faster but more errors) and store-and-forward (slower but error-checking entire frame). Full duplex (D) is a transmission mode, not a switching mode.

Navigational attributes function like characteristics in data warehousing queries, allowing filtering and slicing along hierarchical paths. They behave as dimensions that users can navigate through during analysis.

Key figures in SAP BW/BI are not associated with hierarchies at all; they are measurable numerical values (like revenue, quantity). Hierarchies belong to characteristics/dimensions, not key figures.

Frequently changing prices should be modeled as time-dependent transaction data, not static master data attributes. This preserves historical price accuracy and supports performance. The ODS (C) and fact table (D) are incorrect for this use case.