The Decolonization Movement: The End of European Colonialism

Ghana, formerly known as the Gold Coast, was the first African country to gain independence from European colonial rule in 1957.

Mahatma Gandhi is widely regarded as the father of the Indian independence movement due to his leadership of the nonviolent civil disobedience campaign against British rule.

Indochina was the name given to the French colonial empire in Southeast Asia, which included Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos.

Guinea, led by Ahmed Sékou Touré, gained independence from France in 1960, becoming the first French colony in sub-Saharan Africa to achieve independence.

The British Raj refers to the period of British rule in the Indian subcontinent from 1858 until the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947.

Ghana, led by Kwame Nkrumah, gained independence from British colonial rule in 1957, becoming the first African country to achieve independence.

The Dutch East Indies was the name given to the Dutch colonial empire in the East Indies, which included present-day Indonesia, Suriname, and parts of Malaysia.

Congo, led by Patrice Lumumba, gained independence from Belgium in 1960, becoming the first Belgian colony in Africa to achieve independence.

The Portuguese Empire refers to the Portuguese colonial empire that existed from the 15th century until the mid-20th century, including territories in Africa, Asia, and South America.

Mexico, led by Miguel Hidalgo and José María Morelos, gained independence from Spanish colonial rule in 1821, becoming the first Spanish colony in the Americas to achieve independence.

The British Empire refers to the British colonial empire that existed from the 16th century until the mid-20th century, including territories in Africa, Asia, and North America.

Ethiopia, led by Emperor Haile Selassie, regained its independence from Italian occupation in 1941, becoming the first African country to regain independence after being colonized by a European power.

French North Africa refers to the French colonial empire in North Africa, which included Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco.

Guinea-Bissau, led by Amílcar Cabral, gained independence from Portuguese colonial rule in 1974, becoming the first Portuguese colony in Africa to achieve independence.

Belgian Congo refers to the Belgian colonial empire in Africa, which included present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Burundi.