Computer Technology and Networking Quiz

Sabeer Bhatia, along with Jack Smith, founded Hotmail in 1996. Microsoft acquired the company in 1997 for approximately $400 million, making it one of the early major webmail acquisitions.

Ken Thompson, alongside Dennis Ritchie, developed the UNIX operating system at Bell Labs in 1969. UNIX introduced fundamental concepts like the shell, hierarchical file system, and pipe mechanism that influenced all subsequent operating systems.

David Filo and Jerry Yang founded Yahoo in 1994 while they were graduate students at Stanford University. The company began as 'Jerry and David's Guide to the World Wide Web' - a directory of websites organized hierarchically.

DTP stands for Desktop Publishing, which refers to the creation of documents using page layout software on a personal computer. This revolutionized the publishing industry by moving design and layout work from specialized professionals to general computer users.

A Local Area Network (LAN) connects computers within a limited geographic area like a single building, office, or campus. LANs enable devices to share resources like printers, files, and internet connections through direct or indirect connections.

Dual-layer DVDs contain two recording layers on one side, allowing them to store approximately 8.5 GB of data compared to 4.7 GB on single-layer discs. This increased capacity provides nearly double the storage without requiring a second disc.

JPG (or JPEG) is a widely used compressed image format that uses lossy compression to reduce file size while maintaining reasonable image quality. It's named after the Joint Photographic Experts Group who developed the standard and is commonly used for photographs and complex images.

Peripherals are auxiliary devices that connect to and work with a computer but are not part of the core computer system. Examples include printers, scanners, external drives, keyboards, mice, and monitors - often added to expand functionality.

ENIAC, completed in 1945 at the University of Pennsylvania, was one of the first electronic general-purpose computers. It was enormous, weighing 30 tons and consuming 150 kW of power, and was used for calculations like ballistic trajectories and weather forecasting.

Novell's NetWare was the dominant network operating system throughout the 1980s, providing file and print sharing services for local area networks. At its peak, NetWare powered over 50% of corporate LANs before losing ground to Windows NT in the 1990s.

The IBM Personal Computer (model 5150) was released on August 12, 1981, marking a pivotal moment in computing history. It helped establish the de facto standard for PC architecture and popularized the term 'PC' for personal computers.

The IBM Personal Computer (model 5150) was introduced on August 12, 1981. It marked a significant milestone in personal computing history, establishing the IBM PC compatible standard that dominated the industry for decades.

Symantec released the first version of Norton Antivirus in 1990. It was developed by Peter Norton and became one of the most popular antivirus software products throughout the 1990s and 2000s, pioneering consumer-level antivirus protection.

RISC stands for Reduced Instruction Set Computer, a CPU design philosophy that favors a simpler set of instructions that can be executed faster (typically one cycle per instruction), as opposed to CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) which uses more complex, multi-cycle instructions.

GPU stands for Graphics Processing Unit. It's a specialized electronic circuit designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display device, now also widely used for parallel computing.

FMD stands for Fluorescent Multi-Layer Disc, an optical disc format developed by Constellation 3D that used fluorescent materials to store data in multiple layers, theoretically offering much higher capacity than DVDs or CDs, though it never achieved commercial success.

DOCSIS stands for Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification. It's an international telecommunications standard that permits the addition of high-speed data transfer to an existing cable TV (CATV) system, enabling cable internet services.

VCM stands for Virtual Channel Memory, a memory architecture developed by NEC that allows multiple virtual channels to reduce memory latency by creating separate paths for different types of memory accesses, improving efficiency in multi-tasking environments.

In networking, MAC stands for Media Access Control. It's the lower sublayer of the data link layer in the OSI model and is responsible for controlling how devices in a network gain access to the medium and transmit data, with MAC addresses uniquely identifying network interfaces.

PPTP is a VPN protocol that creates a secure tunnel for data transmission between networks. The 'Tunneling' in its name refers to encapsulating one network protocol within another, which is the core function of VPNs. Options A and B incorrectly use 'Transmission' and 'Transfer' instead of 'Tunneling'.