The Rise of Authoritarianism in the 20th Century

Italy was the first country to experience a fascist regime in the 20th century, with the rise of Benito Mussolini and the National Fascist Party in 1922.

Adolf Hitler was the leader of the Nazi Party in Germany from 1921 until his death in 1945.

The Nazi Party espoused an ideology called National Socialism, which combined elements of extreme nationalism, racism, and anti-Semitism.

Stalinism was the name of the Soviet Union's totalitarian regime under the leadership of Joseph Stalin from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953.

Maoism was the name of the Chinese Communist Party's totalitarian regime under the leadership of Mao Zedong from 1949 until his death in 1976.

The Khmer Rouge was the name of the Cambodian communist regime led by Pol Pot from 1975 to 1979.

The National Reorganization Process was the name of the military junta that ruled Argentina from 1976 to 1983.

The Pinochet Regime was the name of the military dictatorship that ruled Chile from 1973 to 1990.

The Brazilian Military Regime was the name of the military dictatorship that ruled Brazil from 1964 to 1985.

The Greek Military Junta was the name of the military dictatorship that ruled Greece from 1967 to 1974.

The Francoist Regime was the name of the military dictatorship that ruled Spain from 1939 to 1975.

The Estado Novo was the name of the military dictatorship that ruled Portugal from 1926 to 1974.

The Turkish Military Junta was the name of the military dictatorship that ruled Turkey from 1980 to 1983.

The Zia-ul-Haq Regime was the name of the military dictatorship that ruled Pakistan from 1977 to 1988.

The Burmese Military Junta was the name of the military dictatorship that ruled Burma (Myanmar) from 1962 to 2011.