Identity and Change

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz proposed the principle of the identity of indiscernibles, which states that if two objects share all their properties, they are identical.

Persistence in the context of identity and change refers to the continued existence of an object through time, despite changes in its properties or surroundings.

Heraclitus, a pre-Socratic philosopher, argued that everything is in a state of constant flux and change, and that there is no enduring identity of objects.

The Ship of Theseus paradox explores the question of whether an object retains its identity if all of its parts are gradually replaced over time.

John Locke proposed that personal identity is determined by psychological continuity, such as memory and consciousness, rather than physical continuity of the body.

The Sorites paradox explores the question of how gradual changes in an object's properties affect its identity.

Aristotle proposed the concept of substance as the underlying essence of an object that persists through change.

The identity of indiscernibles principle states that if two objects share all their properties, they are identical.

David Hume argued that personal identity is constituted by the continuity of consciousness, rather than by the continuity of the body or the mind.

The problem of temporary intrinsics explores the question of how objects can retain their identity through time while undergoing temporary changes in their properties.

Aristotle proposed that objects persist through change by virtue of their spatiotemporal continuity, meaning their continuous existence in space and time.

The identity through time problem explores the question of how objects can retain their identity over time despite undergoing changes in their properties or surroundings.

David Hume argued that objects persist through change by virtue of their causal continuity, meaning the continuous transmission of causal powers from one moment to the next.

The problem of future contingents explores the question of how objects can retain their identity over time while undergoing changes in their future properties.

Plato proposed that objects persist through change by virtue of their underlying essence, or 'Form', which remains constant despite changes in the object's properties.