Impacts on Global Governance and International Relations

The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, sets a long-term goal of keeping global warming well below 2 degrees Celsius, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels.

Climate change can disrupt global supply chains and trade patterns by causing extreme weather events, such as floods and droughts, which can damage infrastructure and disrupt transportation routes.

Climate change is more likely to lead to increased migration from developing countries to developed countries, as people seek to escape the negative impacts of climate change, such as rising sea levels, droughts, and food shortages.

Climate change can undermine food security and water resources, which can lead to conflict and instability. For example, droughts can cause crop failures and water shortages, which can lead to food riots and social unrest.

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is the leading global environmental authority that sets the global environmental agenda, promotes the sustainable development of the environment, and provides leadership and encourages partnership in caring for the environment by inspiring, informing, and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations.

Climate change is causing the Arctic region to warm at twice the rate of the rest of the world, which is leading to the melting of glaciers and ice sheets, rising sea levels, and changes in the Arctic ecosystem.

Climate change is more likely to lead to decreased air quality, as rising temperatures can increase the formation of ground-level ozone and other air pollutants.

Climate change is causing the ocean to become more acidic, as the ocean absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Ocean acidification can harm marine life, such as coral reefs and shellfish.

Climate change is more likely to lead to decreased soil fertility, as rising temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns can lead to soil erosion and nutrient loss.

Climate change is leading to a decrease in the demand for fossil fuels, as countries transition to renewable energy sources in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

The Montreal Protocol, adopted in 1987, aims to reduce emissions of ozone-depleting substances, including hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).

Climate change is leading to an increase in the frequency and intensity of droughts, as rising temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns can lead to decreased water availability.

Climate change is more likely to lead to decreased genetic diversity, as rising temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns can lead to the loss of habitats and the extinction of species.

Climate change is leading to an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, aims to promote sustainable development and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels.