To answer this question, you need to understand the concept of testing in the context of software development.

Option A) True - This option is incorrect. Testing is not context independent. The effectiveness and appropriateness of testing methods and techniques can vary depending on the context, such as the type of software being tested, the development process, and the specific requirements and constraints.

Option B) False - This option is correct. Testing is not context independent. The context in which software testing is performed can greatly influence the selection of testing approaches, techniques, and tools. Different contexts may require different testing strategies and methods to ensure the quality and reliability of the software.

The correct answer is B) False. This option is correct because testing is not context independent and the effectiveness of testing can vary depending on the specific context.

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To answer this question, you need to understand the behavior of the SQL ORDER BY clause.

The ORDER BY clause is used to sort the result set of a SQL query. By default, if you don't specify ASC (ascending) or DESC (descending) after the ORDER BY clause, the following is used by default:

Option A) There is no default value - This option is incorrect. By default, when you don't specify ASC or DESC, there is a default sort order.

Option B) DESC - This option is incorrect. DESC is not the default sort order.

Option C) Random - This option is incorrect. There is no random default sort order.

Option D) ASC - This option is correct. When you don't specify ASC or DESC, the default sort order is ascending (ASC).

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

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To answer this question, you need to understand the SQL TRUNCATE statement.

The TRUNCATE statement in SQL is used to remove all the rows from a table, allowing you to delete all the data in the table while keeping the table structure intact.

Now let's go through each option to understand why it is correct or incorrect:

Option A) TRUNCATE Sales TABLE - This option is incorrect because the correct syntax for the TRUNCATE statement does not require the keyword "TABLE" after the table name. The correct syntax is simply "TRUNCATE Sales".

Option B) TRUNCATE * FROM TABLE Sales - This option is incorrect because the * symbol is not used with the TRUNCATE statement. The correct syntax is "TRUNCATE TABLE Sales" to specify the table name directly.

Option C) TRUNCATE TABLE Sales - This option is correct because it follows the correct syntax of the TRUNCATE statement. It specifies the table name "Sales" after the keyword "TABLE".

Option D) TRUNCATE * FROM COLUMN Sales - This option is incorrect because the TRUNCATE statement does not operate on individual columns. It is used to remove all rows from a table, not specific columns.

The correct answer is Option C) TRUNCATE TABLE Sales. This option is correct because it follows the correct syntax for the TRUNCATE statement, specifying the table name after the keyword "TABLE".

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To answer this question, let's go through each option to understand why it is correct or incorrect:

Option A) Returns all the matching rows from 2 tables - This option is incorrect. The INNER JOIN clause returns only the rows that have matching values in the field on which the two tables are joined, not all matching rows from both tables.

Option B) Returns only the rows from the first table, which have non-matching values with the second table in the field on which the 2 tables are joined - This option is incorrect. The INNER JOIN clause returns only the rows with matching values, not non-matching values.

Option C) Returns all rows from 2 tables - This option is incorrect. The INNER JOIN clause only returns the rows that have matching values, not all rows from both tables.

Option D) Returns all rows that have matching value in the field on which the 2 tables are joined - This option is correct. The INNER JOIN clause returns all rows that have matching values in the field on which the two tables are joined.

The correct answer is D. This option is correct because the INNER JOIN clause is used to return all rows that have matching values in the field on which the two tables are joined.

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To answer this question, you need to understand the concept of database design and its impact on SQL performance. Let's go through each option to understand why it is correct or incorrect:

Option A) Removal of data redundancy - This option is incorrect because removing data redundancy is generally considered a good practice in database design, but it does not necessarily have a direct impact on SQL performance.

Option B) The introduction of data redundancy - This option is correct because introducing data redundancy can improve SQL performance in certain situations. Redundancy allows for denormalization, which can speed up query execution by reducing the number of joins required.

Option C) The introduction of non-first normal form relations - This option is incorrect because introducing non-first normal form relations can lead to data duplication and redundancy. While it may have some benefits in terms of query simplicity, it generally does not improve SQL performance.

Option D) The introduction of SQL*Plus - This option is incorrect because SQL*Plus is a command-line interface for Oracle databases and is not directly related to database design features. It does not have a significant impact on SQL performance.

The correct answer is B) The introduction of data redundancy. This option is correct because introducing data redundancy can improve SQL performance by allowing for denormalization and reducing the need for joins.

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To answer this question, you need to understand the concept of tuning an SQL statement. Tuning an SQL statement involves optimizing its performance by making changes to the statement or the database structure.

Let's go through each option to understand why it is correct or incorrect:

Option A) The number of CPUs on the server - This option is incorrect because the number of CPUs on the server does not directly impact the tuning of an SQL statement. The performance of an SQL statement can be affected by the server's hardware, but it is not a consideration for tuning the statement itself.

Option B) The degree of parallelism on the tables - This option is incorrect. The degree of parallelism refers to the number of parallel processes that can be used to execute a query. While parallelism can improve performance, it is not a specific consideration for tuning an individual SQL statement.

Option C) The quality of the SQL optimization - This option is correct. The quality of the SQL optimization is an important consideration when tuning an SQL statement. SQL optimization involves analyzing the structure of the SQL statement, the database schema, and the available indexes to determine the most efficient execution plan. By optimizing the SQL, the performance of the statement can be improved.

Option D) The use of bitmap indexes - This option is incorrect. The use of bitmap indexes can improve query performance in specific scenarios, but it is not a general consideration for tuning an SQL statement.

The correct answer is C) The quality of the SQL optimization. This option is correct because optimizing the SQL statement is a crucial step in tuning its performance.

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To answer this question, you need to understand the different types of testing in software development.

Option A) Black box testing - This option is incorrect. Black box testing is a method of testing where the tester does not have knowledge of the internal workings of the system. It focuses on testing the functionality and behavior of the system from a user's perspective. It does not specifically address the demonstration of system compliance with user requirements.

Option B) System testing - This option is incorrect. System testing is a type of testing that verifies the behavior and functionality of the entire system as a whole. It is performed to ensure that all the components of the system work together as expected. While system testing may include testing for compliance with user requirements, it is not specifically focused on demonstrating system compliance.

Option C) Independent testing - This option is incorrect. Independent testing refers to testing conducted by a third party or external entity that is not directly involved in the development of the system. It aims to provide an unbiased assessment of the system's quality. However, it does not specifically address the demonstration of system compliance with user requirements.

Option D) Acceptance testing - This option is correct. Acceptance testing is a type of testing that is conducted to determine whether a system meets the specified acceptance criteria and is ready for deployment. It involves testing the system against user requirements to demonstrate compliance. Acceptance testing is typically performed by the end-users or stakeholders to ensure that the system meets their needs and expectations.

The correct answer is D) Acceptance testing. This option is correct because acceptance testing specifically focuses on demonstrating system compliance with user requirements.

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To answer this question, it is important to understand the concept of program validation and testing.

Program validation is the process of ensuring that a program meets its specified requirements and produces the expected results. Testing is one of the methods used for program validation.

The statement "A complete validation of a program can be obtained only by testing for every element of the domain" is true. This statement suggests that in order to achieve complete validation, every possible input from the domain (all possible values that can be provided as input to the program) should be tested.

Testing every element of the domain is known as exhaustive testing. It involves testing the program with all possible inputs to ensure that it behaves correctly in all scenarios. However, in practice, it is often not feasible or practical to test every possible input due to the large number of potential inputs.

Instead, testing strategies are employed to select a representative subset of inputs that have a high likelihood of detecting errors. These strategies include boundary value analysis, equivalence partitioning, and random testing.

In conclusion, while complete validation would require testing every element of the domain, it is often not feasible or practical. Testing strategies are used to select a representative subset of inputs for testing. Therefore, the correct answer is A) True.

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