English Vocabulary and Phrasal Verbs

The correct answer is 'carried out' (option B). This formal phrasal verb means to conduct, perform, or execute a procedure, test, or investigation. 'Taken up' means to begin a new activity or address an issue, 'looked into' means to investigate, and 'run on' means to continue without stopping or to operate on a particular source.

The correct answer is 'came up against' (option C). This phrasal verb means to encounter opposition, difficulty, or resistance. The plans faced criticism - they 'came up against' it. 'Ran up to' means to approach or reach a total amount, 'faced up with' is grammatically incorrect (should be 'faced up to' for confronting), and 'was opposed to' would need singular agreement with 'plans'.

The correct answer is 'figure out' (option C). This phrasal verb means to find a solution, answer, or method through thought or effort. The context requires creating a way to keep Sophie from leaving. 'Set up' means to arrange or establish, 'turn out' means to happen in a particular way, and 'stumble on' means to discover by chance.

To solve this question, the user needs to understand the meaning of the phrase "owns up to his errors" and how it relates to George's behavior.

Explanation for each option:

A. comes on: This option does not fit the context of the sentence. "Comes on" typically means to approach someone or make an enthusiastic impression, but it does not convey the idea of taking responsibility for one's mistakes.

B. owns up: This option is correct. "Owns up" means to admit or take responsibility for one's actions or mistakes. In the context of the sentence, it suggests that George never admits or acknowledges his errors.

C. goes forward: This option does not fit the context of the sentence. "Goes forward" typically means to make progress or continue with a plan, but it does not convey the idea of owning up to one's mistakes.

D. pays up: This option does not fit the context of the sentence. "Pays up" typically means to fulfill a financial obligation or settle a debt, but it does not convey the idea of taking responsibility for one's errors.

The correct answer is B. owns up. This option correctly conveys the meaning that George never admits or takes responsibility for his mistakes.

Answer: B. owns up

The correct answer is 'to return' (option D). RETALIATE means to return an injury or wrong with a similar injury or wrong - to fight back or take revenge. The other options are unrelated: 'hard' (adjective), 'lack' (noun), and 'abnormal' (adjective) don't define retaliate.

The correct answer is 'praise and honour' (option C). KUDOS comes from Greek and means acclaim, praise, or recognition for achievement. It's often used in phrases like 'give kudos to someone.' 'Reasonable' and 'a cause' are unrelated meanings. 'Child-like' is completely unrelated.

The correct answer is 'to cause a serious damage' (option C). MUTILATE means to severely damage, disfigure, or injure - often referring to permanent physical damage to a body or object. 'Extrusion' is a manufacturing process, 'immaterial' means unrelated or irrelevant, and 'to condemn someone' means to express strong disapproval (related to censure, not mutilate).

The correct answer is 'examine and repair' (option C). OVERHAUL means to thoroughly examine, repair, or renovate something - often a machine, system, or process. 'Invalidate' means to make void, 'excessive use of something' is incorrect (that would be 'overuse'), and 'over-time' refers to working beyond regular hours.

The correct answer is 'sounding pleasant' (option B). EUPHONIOUS describes sounds that are pleasing to the ear, harmonious, or melodious. It comes from Greek 'eu' (good) + 'phone' (sound). 'Similar sounding words' is wrong (that would be homophones), 'a melodious sound/tone' is an example not a definition, and 'irritating sound' is the opposite (cacophonious).

The correct answer is 'sentimental in an excessive way' (option C). MAWKISH describes something that is excessively sentimental, sappy, or emotional in a way that feels insincere or cloying. 'A person who mocks someone' is incorrect (that's a mocker), 'excessively meek' is unrelated (meek means submissive), and 'very muddy' is a literal confusion with 'mawk' which originally meant maggot but the word evolved to mean sentimental.

Unconscionable describes something that is not right, reasonable, or morally acceptable. It refers to actions or agreements that are shockingly unfair or unjust, beyond what conscience would allow. Options A, B, and C do not match this meaning.

Discern means to recognize, perceive, or detect something with the senses or intellect. It involves the ability to judge or appraise things clearly. Option D correctly captures this meaning of recognizing and apprehending.

Hitherto is an adverb meaning 'until now' or 'up to this point in time'. It refers to the period leading up to the present moment. Options B, C, and D describe unrelated concepts.

Legacy refers to something handed down from the past, such as money, property, or traditions passed from one generation to another. Option A correctly captures this meaning of transmission or inheritance.

Behemoth refers to a creature or thing of monstrous size or power, often used to describe something enormous and overwhelming. It originates from a biblical creature. Option A correctly defines this term.

A prototype is the original form or model from which other forms are developed or copied. It serves as the first version or pattern for future items. Option A correctly captures this meaning.

Caveats are warnings or cautions that qualify or limit a statement. They point out potential problems or exceptions that need to be considered. Option A correctly defines this term.

Unnerve means to make someone nervous, anxious, or unsettled. It involves causing a loss of confidence or composure. Option A correctly captures this meaning.

Fug means to loll indoors in a stuffy atmosphere, describing the act of lounging about in a cramped, airless space. It's a rare word capturing the lethargic feeling of being indoors without fresh air. Option B is correct.

Falstaffian describes someone characterized by joviality and conviviality, named after Shakespeare's character Falstaff who was known for being merry, companionable, and fond of good food and drink. Option B is correct.