Advanced English Vocabulary - Definitions and Meanings

An obituary is a news article that announces a person's death and provides biographical information about the deceased. While most commonly used as a noun, it can function attributively as in 'obituary notice' or 'obituary page'. The definition in option C correctly describes the core meaning.

'Mettlesome' is an adjective meaning having courage, spirit, or high-spiritedness. It derives from 'mettle' (spirit, ardor, courage). A mettlesome person is energetic, brave, and enthusiastic. Option B correctly captures this meaning of courage and spiritedness.

'Paraphernalia' refers to miscellaneous articles of equipment, personal items, or apparatus associated with a particular activity. Originally referring to a married woman's personal property (excluding her dowry), it now denotes miscellaneous equipment, gear, or accessories (e.g., 'drug paraphernalia', 'camping paraphernalia').

'Legislate' means to make, enact, or pass laws. It refers to the formal process of creating laws through a legislative body. A legislature legislates; this is the verb form of 'legislation' (n.) and 'legislative' (adj.). Option A correctly identifies this law-making function.

'Prudence' means caution, carefulness, or good judgment in practical matters. A prudent person exercises forethought and avoids unnecessary risks. It comes from the Latin 'prudentia' meaning foresight, wisdom. Option C correctly identifies it as caution.

A truism is a statement that is so obviously true that it hardly needs to be stated or proved. Truism comes from 'true' plus the suffix '-ism'. Examples include 'It is what it is' or 'Water is wet' - statements that are self-evidently true. Option D correctly defines this concept.

'Forte' refers to a person's strong point, particular talent, or area of expertise. It comes from the French 'fort' meaning 'strong'. Someone's forte is what they excel at. Option B correctly identifies this meaning. Note: 'forte' is also a musical direction meaning 'loud' (from Italian), but that's not tested here.

A concession is something granted or yielded, often in response to a demand, petition, or claim. Option B correctly captures this definition. Option A describes a leader, option C refers to a female deer (doe), and option D means an outpouring (effusion).

An entreaty is an earnest or urgent request, making option D correct. Option A describes a fez (a brimless cap). Option B refers to alcohol or intoxicating liquids. Option C is a charge for a firearm or blasting.

A teetotaler is someone who completely abstains from drinking alcohol, making option C correct. An imbiber is someone who drinks. An abstainer generally avoids something but not specifically alcohol. Alcoholics Anonymous is a support group, not a term for an individual.

An egalitarian system emphasizes equality among all citizens, making option B correct. Totalitarian concentrates power in one authority. Democracy involves voting rights but egalitarian specifically emphasizes equality as the core principle. Option C appears to be a misspelling or nonexistent term.

Vernacular refers to the everyday language or dialect spoken by native people of a particular region, making option D correct. Jargon is specialized terminology used by specific groups. Slang is informal language but not necessarily native to a place. A eulogy is a speech praising someone who has died.

An epiphany is a sudden, intuitive realization or insight, making option C correct. Enlightenment is a broader state of understanding. Ephemeral means lasting briefly. Euphony refers to pleasing sound combinations, not realizations.

Rapport refers to a harmonious relationship characterized by mutual understanding and trust, making option A correct. Reputation is what others think of you. Repertoire refers to a range of skills or works. Rivalry suggests competition rather than harmony.