To determine which of these options is a valid Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) test case, we need to understand the tax brackets and how they apply to the salary.

According to the given information:

• The first $4000 of salary is tax-free.
• The next $1500 is taxed at 10%.
• The next $28000 is taxed at 22%.
• Any further amount is taxed at 40%.

Now, let's go through each option to see if it falls within a boundary value or not:

Option A) $1500 - This amount falls within the first tax bracket of $1500, which is taxed at 10%.

Option B) $32001 - This amount exceeds the highest taxable bracket of $28000. Therefore, it falls within the boundary of the highest tax bracket and would be taxed at 40%.

Option C) $28000 - This amount falls within the second tax bracket of $28000, which is taxed at 22%.

Option D) $33501 - This amount exceeds the highest taxable bracket of $28000. Therefore, it falls within the boundary of the highest tax bracket and would be taxed at 40%.

Based on the given information, the valid BVA test case is:

D) $33501

This is because it falls within the boundary of the highest tax bracket and would be taxed at 40%.

Therefore, the correct answer is D) $33501.

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• Wrong explanation

To determine which group of numbers falls into the same equivalence class, we need to calculate the tax amount for each salary and compare the results.

Let's go through each option:

Option A: $5800; $28000; $32000

• For the first $4000, there is no tax.
• The next $1500 is taxed at 10%, which amounts to $150.
• The next $28000 is taxed at 22%, which amounts to $6160.
• The total tax is $150 + $6160 = $6310.

Option B: $0; $200; $4200

• For the first $4000, there is no tax.
• The total tax is $0.

Option C: $5200; $5500; $28000

• For the first $4000, there is no tax.
• The next $1500 is taxed at 10%, which amounts to $150.
• The total tax is $150.

Option D: $28001; $32000; $35000

• For the first $4000, there is no tax.
• The next $1500 is taxed at 10%, which amounts to $150.
• The next $28000 is taxed at 22%, which amounts to $6160.
• The total tax is $150 + $6160 = $6310.

Based on these calculations, we can see that Option A and Option D have the same total tax amount of $6310. Therefore, the correct answer is Option A.

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• Wrong explanation

To answer this question, we need to understand the concepts of LCSAJ coverage, branch coverage, path coverage, and statement coverage.

LCSAJ (Linear Code Sequence and Jump) coverage is a metric that measures the coverage of code sequences and branches in a program.

Branch coverage measures the coverage of each branch in a program, ensuring that both the true and false branches of each decision point are executed at least once.

Path coverage measures the coverage of all possible paths through a program, ensuring that every possible combination of branches and decisions is executed at least once.

Statement coverage measures the coverage of each individual statement in a program, ensuring that every statement is executed at least once.

Now let's go through each option to understand why it is correct or incorrect:

Option A) A minimal test set that achieves 100% LCSAJ coverage will also achieve 100% branch coverage. This option is correct because achieving 100% LCSAJ coverage implies that all branches in the program have been executed, hence achieving 100% branch coverage.

Option B) A minimal test set that achieves 100% path coverage will also achieve 100% statement coverage. This option is correct because achieving 100% path coverage implies that all possible combinations of branches and decisions have been executed, hence achieving 100% statement coverage.

Option C) A minimal test set that achieves 100% path coverage will generally detect more faults than one that achieves 100% statement coverage. This option is correct because achieving 100% path coverage ensures that all possible paths through a program have been executed, making it more likely to detect faults that occur on specific paths.

Option D) A minimal test set that achieves 100% statement coverage will generally detect more faults than one that achieves 100% branch coverage. This option is NOT correct. Achieving 100% statement coverage only ensures that every statement in the program has been executed at least once. It does not guarantee coverage of all branches or paths, which are often more critical for fault detection. Hence, achieving 100% branch coverage (which covers all decisions and branches) is generally more effective in fault detection than achieving 100% statement coverage.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

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• Wrong explanation

To answer this question, we need to understand what makes a requirement testable. A testable requirement is one that can be objectively verified or validated through testing. Let's go through each option to understand why it is correct or incorrect:

Option A) The system shall be user-friendly. This requirement is not testable because "user-friendly" is subjective and does not provide clear criteria for verification or validation.

Option B) The safety-critical parts of the system shall contain 0 faults. This requirement is not testable because it is practically impossible to guarantee that any system will contain zero faults. It is not feasible to test for the absence of faults.

Option C) The response time shall be less than one second for the specified design load. This requirement is testable. The response time can be objectively measured and compared against the specified criteria of being less than one second.

Option D) The system shall be built to be portable. This requirement is not testable because "portable" is not clearly defined and does not provide specific criteria for verification or validation.

The correct answer is Option C. This option is testable because the response time can be objectively measured and evaluated against the specified criteria.

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• Wrong explanation