Bias and Confounding in Epidemiological Studies

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of selection bias?

  1. Including only participants who have a certain disease in a study of the risk factors for that disease.
  2. Excluding participants who have a certain exposure from a study of the health effects of that exposure.
  3. Matching participants on age and sex in a study of the relationship between smoking and lung cancer.
  4. Randomly selecting participants from a population for a study of the prevalence of a disease.
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