Global Justice

Global justice encompasses a wide range of issues related to fairness, equality, and justice on a global scale, including the distribution of resources, human rights, and the establishment of a just international order.

Immanuel Kant is widely regarded as the father of cosmopolitanism, a philosophical perspective that emphasizes the moral obligations and responsibilities that individuals have towards one another, regardless of national or cultural boundaries.

Distributive justice is concerned with the fair distribution of resources and benefits among individuals or groups, while corrective justice is concerned with addressing and rectifying past injustices or harms.

The veil of ignorance is a hypothetical situation in which individuals are deprived of knowledge about their own personal characteristics, social status, and circumstances. This ensures that they make decisions based on principles of justice that are fair and impartial, rather than being influenced by their own self-interest or the interests of particular groups.

Pogge argues that global poverty is a violation of human rights because it deprives individuals of basic necessities such as food, water, shelter, and healthcare, which are essential for living a dignified life.

Positive rights impose an obligation on others to provide certain goods or services, such as the right to education or healthcare, while negative rights impose an obligation on others to refrain from interfering with an individual's freedom, such as the right to freedom of speech or religion.

Nussbaum argues that justice requires that individuals have the capabilities to live a good life, which include basic capabilities such as being able to live a long and healthy life, being able to acquire knowledge, and being able to participate in social and political life.

Global distributive justice is concerned with the fair distribution of resources and benefits among individuals or groups on a global scale, while global corrective justice is concerned with addressing and rectifying past injustices or harms on a global scale.

Sen argues that justice requires that individuals have the freedom to choose their own conception of the good life and to pursue their own goals and values, as long as they do not harm others.

Absolute poverty is defined by a specific income level or consumption level below which individuals are considered to be poor, while relative poverty is defined by a comparison to the average income or consumption level in a society, and individuals are considered to be poor if they fall below a certain percentage of the average.

Beitz argues that justice requires that individuals have the resources to live a good life, which include basic resources such as food, water, shelter, and healthcare, as well as access to education and other opportunities.

Walzer argues that justice requires that individuals have the opportunities to live a good life, which include access to education, healthcare, and other social goods, as well as the opportunity to participate in political and economic life.

Young argues that justice requires that individuals have the freedom to choose their own conception of the good life and to pursue their own goals and values, as long as they do not harm others.

O'Neill argues that justice requires that individuals have the resources to live a good life, which include basic resources such as food, water, shelter, and healthcare, as well as access to education and other opportunities.