To answer this question, we need to consider the given validation criteria and determine which option covers the most boundary values.

The validation criteria are as follows:

• Values less than 10 are rejected.
• Values between 10 and 21 (inclusive) are accepted.
• Values greater than or equal to 22 are rejected.

Let's evaluate each option to see which one covers the most boundary values:

Option A) 9, 10, 11, 22

• 9 is less than 10 and should be rejected.
• 10 is between 10 and 21 and should be accepted.
• 11 is between 10 and 21 and should be accepted.
• 22 is greater than or equal to 22 and should be rejected.

This option covers 2 boundary values: 10 and 22.

Option B) 9, 10, 21, 22

• 9 is less than 10 and should be rejected.
• 10 is between 10 and 21 and should be accepted.
• 21 is between 10 and 21 and should be accepted.
• 22 is greater than or equal to 22 and should be rejected.

This option covers 2 boundary values: 10 and 21.

Option C) 10, 11, 21, 22

• 10 is between 10 and 21 and should be accepted.
• 11 is between 10 and 21 and should be accepted.
• 21 is between 10 and 21 and should be accepted.
• 22 is greater than or equal to 22 and should be rejected.

This option covers 3 boundary values: 10, 11, and 21.

Option D) 10, 11, 20, 21

• 10 is between 10 and 21 and should be accepted.
• 11 is between 10 and 21 and should be accepted.
• 20 is between 10 and 21 and should be accepted.
• 21 is between 10 and 21 and should be accepted.

This option covers 4 boundary values: 10, 11, 20, and 21.

Therefore, the option that covers the most boundary values is Option D) 10, 11, 20, 21.

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• Wrong explanation

To answer this question, we need to understand the concept of regression testing.

Regression testing is performed to ensure that previously developed and tested software still performs correctly after it has been changed or interfaced with other software. When selecting test cases for regression testing, it is important to consider various factors such as bug fixes, frequent defects, and recent code changes.

Let's go through each option to understand why it is correct or incorrect:

Option A) Requires knowledge on the bug fixes and how it affects the system - This option is correct because having knowledge about the bug fixes and how they affect the system is crucial in selecting the appropriate test cases for regression testing. This ensures that the fixed bugs have not introduced any new issues.

Option B) Includes the area of frequent defects - This option is correct because selecting test cases from the areas that have previously experienced frequent defects helps in identifying if any regression issues have occurred in those areas.

Option C) Includes the area which has undergone many/recent code changes - This option is correct because areas that have undergone many or recent code changes are more likely to introduce regression issues. Therefore, selecting test cases from these areas helps in detecting any regression defects.

Option D) All of the above - This option is correct because all the options mentioned above are valid considerations when selecting test cases for regression testing. Considering bug fixes, areas of frequent defects, and areas with recent code changes collectively helps in ensuring effective regression testing.

The correct answer is D) All of the above. This option is correct because all the mentioned factors are important considerations when selecting test cases for regression testing.

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• Wrong explanation

To answer this question, we need to understand the concepts of statement coverage and branch coverage in software testing.

Statement coverage refers to the percentage of statements in a program that have been executed during testing. It ensures that every statement in the program has been executed at least once. This helps in identifying any potential errors or flaws in individual statements.

Branch coverage, on the other hand, refers to the percentage of branches in a program that have been executed during testing. A branch is a decision point in the program, such as an IF statement or a loop. Branch coverage ensures that every possible branch in the program has been taken at least once. This helps in identifying any potential errors or flaws in the decision-making logic of the program.

Now, let's go through each option to understand why it is correct or incorrect:

Option A) That you have tested every statement in the program - This option is incorrect. Statement coverage ensures that every statement has been executed, but it does not guarantee that every branch has been taken.

Option B) That you have tested every statement and every branch in the program - This option is correct. Branch coverage ensures that every branch has been taken, in addition to every statement being executed. Therefore, this option covers both statement coverage and branch coverage.

Option C) That you have tested every IF statement in the program - This option is incorrect. Testing every IF statement does not guarantee that every branch has been taken, as there may be other decision points in the program that are not IF statements.

Option D) That you have tested every combination of values of IF statements in the program - This option is incorrect. While testing every combination of values of IF statements may help achieve branch coverage, it does not guarantee statement coverage or coverage of other decision points in the program.

The correct answer is B) That you have tested every statement and every branch in the program. This option covers both statement coverage and branch coverage, ensuring that every statement and every branch in the program have been executed during testing.

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• Wrong explanation