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Prior Incantato is the spell that reveals the last spell cast by a wand, used to track magical activity. It was famously used in Harry's trial to show his Patronus charm. The other options are incorrect variations.

Aguamenti is the Water-Making Spell that produces clean water from the wand tip, used for drinking or filling containers. It's essential survival magic and was used by Harry and Dumbledore in the cave. The other options are fabricated names.

Sonorus is the Amplifying Charm that magically amplifies the voice to be heard over loud distances or crowds, commonly used at Quidditch matches. Its counter-charm is Quietus. The other options are fictional spell names.

Silencio is the Silencing Charm that instantly silences the target, preventing them from making any sound. It was used effectively by Hermione during the Battle of the Seven Potters. The other options are made-up names.

Rictusempra is the Tickling Charm that causes the target to laugh uncontrollably, tickling them magically. Harry used this on Draco Malfoy in their second-year duel. The other options are different spells (Tarantallegra is the dancing feet charm).

Tarantallegra is the Dancing Feet Jinx that causes the victim's feet to dance uncontrollably, leaving them unable to stand still or walk properly. Draco used this on Harry during their duel. The other options are different spells.

Serpensortia is the snake-summoning spell - Draco Malfoy uses it in the dueling club in Chamber of Secrets to conjure a snake from his wand tip. The other options are fictional variants not found in the canon series.

The Impervius Charm makes objects repel water - Hermione famously casts it on Harry's glasses during a Quidditch match in Prisoner of Azkaban so he can see through the rain. Deletrius erases spell effects, Oppugno directs objects to attack, and Tergeo cleans liquids.

Furnunculus is the curse that causes nasty boils to erupt on the victim's body - George Weasley accidentally hits Harry with it (crossing with another spell that gave him eyebrows) in Goblet of Fire. Densaugeo enlarges teeth, Tarantallegra causes dancing, and Rictusempra forces laughter.

Alohomora is the standard unlocking charm - Hermione uses it throughout the series to open locked doors, including the third-floor corridor in Sorcerer's Stone. It's one of the most basic and useful utility charms in a wizard's repertoire.

Petrificus Totalus is the full Body-Bind Curse - it freezes the victim's entire body while leaving them conscious. Neville is hit with this multiple times (like by Snape in Sorcerer's Stone) and falls over stiff as a board.

Expelliarmus is the Disarming Charm - Harry's signature spell throughout the series. It knocks the target's weapon or wand out of their hand. He uses it repeatedly in duels, most famously against Voldemort in the graveyard in Goblet of Fire.

Riddikulus is the charm used against Boggarts - it forces the shape-shifting creature into a ridiculous form, neutralizing its ability to terrify. Lupin teaches it to the third-years in Prisoner of Azkaban; the key is imagining something funny.

Lumos is the basic light-conjuring charm that creates a beam of light from the wand tip. It's one of the first spells young wizards learn and is used constantly throughout the series whenever characters need illumination.

Nox is the counter-charm to Lumos - it extinguishes the light from the wand tip. All young wizards learn this pair together: Lumos creates light, Nox puts it out. Nox is Latin for night.

Crucio is the incantation for the Cruciatus Curse - one of the three Unforgivable Curses that inflicts excruciating pain on the victim. It's used by Voldemort and Death Eaters for torture; using it on a human carries a life sentence in Azkaban.

Imperio is the incantation for the Imperius Curse - one of the three Unforgivable Curses that places the victim under the complete control of the caster. Voldemort's followers use it extensively; strong-willed wizards like Harry can resist it.

Reducto is the Blasting Curse - it violently destroys solid objects, blasting them into pieces or reducing them to rubble. It's used during the Department of Mysteries battle (Order of the Phoenix) and in other combat situations.

The Reducio spell shrinks objects and serves as the counter-curse to the Engorgio charm, which enlarges things. It's commonly used to reverse accidental or intentional enlargements.

Sectumsempra is a dark curse invented by Snape that slashes the victim as if by an invisible sword. It causes severe wounds and was used against Draco Malfoy and George Weasley.