Ocular Anatomy and Physiology

The lens is a transparent, flexible structure that changes shape to focus light on the retina.

The cornea is the clear, front part of the eye that protects the eye from injury and helps to focus light on the retina.

The iris is the colored part of the eye that controls the amount of light entering the eye by adjusting the size of the pupil.

The pupil is the black hole in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye.

The retina is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye that converts light into electrical signals that are sent to the brain.

The optic nerve is a bundle of nerve fibers that carries electrical signals from the retina to the brain.

The macula is a small area in the center of the retina that is responsible for sharp central vision.

The choroid is a layer of blood vessels that supplies blood to the retina.

The sclera is the white, outer layer of the eye that protects the eye from injury.

The conjunctiva is a thin, transparent membrane that covers the white part of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids.

The lacrimal glands are located above the eyes and produce tears that lubricate the eyes and help to protect them from infection.

The eyelids protect the eyes from injury, dust, and other foreign objects.

The eyebrows help to protect the eyes from sweat and other foreign objects.

The eyelashes help to protect the eyes from dust and other foreign objects.

The Meibomian glands are located in the eyelids and produce an oily substance that helps to lubricate the eyelids.