Social Science: Social Control and Deviance

Social control is a system of mechanisms and processes that maintain social order and stability by encouraging conformity to social norms and values.

Formal social control is exercised through institutions and organizations that have the authority to enforce rules and regulations, such as the legal system.

Socialization is the process by which individuals learn and internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of their society or group.

Strain theory posits that deviance is a result of the strain or tension experienced by individuals who are unable to achieve their goals through legitimate means.

Stigmatization is the process by which individuals are labeled as deviant and excluded from mainstream society.

Differential association theory posits that deviance is learned through interaction with others who engage in deviant behavior.

Deviance amplification is the process by which deviance becomes more widespread and visible in society.

Conflict theory posits that deviance is a result of the conflict between different social groups.

Conformity is the process by which individuals conform to social norms and values.

Biological theory posits that deviance is a result of individual pathology, such as genetic factors or brain abnormalities.

Deviance is the process by which individuals resist or challenge social norms and values.

Labeling theory posits that deviance is a result of the social reaction to certain behaviors, rather than the behaviors themselves.

Reintegration is the process by which individuals are reintegrated into mainstream society after engaging in deviant behavior.

Social disorganization theory posits that deviance is a result of the breakdown of social institutions and norms in a community.

Sanctioning is the process by which individuals are punished or sanctioned for engaging in deviant behavior.