The Major Astronomical Observatories in Modern India

The Devasthal Optical Telescope (DOT) is the largest optical telescope in India, with a mirror diameter of 3.6 meters. It is located in the Nainital district of Uttarakhand.

The Udaipur Solar Observatory (USO) is dedicated to the study of solar physics. It is located in Udaipur, Rajasthan, and is equipped with specialized instruments for observing the Sun.

The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) is a radio telescope array located near Pune, Maharashtra. It consists of 30 fully steerable parabolic radio telescopes, each with a diameter of 45 meters.

The High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) is an array of Cherenkov telescopes located in Namibia. It is designed to study gamma-ray astronomy and is a collaboration between India and several other countries.

The Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT) is located in the Himalayas, at an altitude of 4,500 meters. It is a 2-meter optical telescope designed for high-altitude observations.

The Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (KSO) is known for its contributions to the study of cosmic rays. It is located in Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, and has been in operation since the early 20th century.

The Vainu Bappu Observatory (VBO) is located in the Nilgiri Hills, Tamil Nadu. It is equipped with a 2.3-meter optical telescope and a 1.2-meter infrared telescope.

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) is a collaboration between India and several other countries. It is designed to detect gravitational waves and has made significant contributions to the field.

The Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) is located in the Thar Desert, Rajasthan. It is equipped with a 1.3-meter solar telescope and other instruments for solar observations.

The Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) is a premier research institute dedicated to the study of astrophysics and cosmology. It is located in Bengaluru, Karnataka.

The Vainu Bappu Observatory (VBO) is located in the Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh. It is equipped with a 2.3-meter optical telescope and a 1.2-meter infrared telescope.

AstroSat is a multi-wavelength space observatory launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It is designed to study X-ray astronomy and has made significant contributions to the field.

The Vainu Bappu Observatory (VBO) is located in the Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu. It is equipped with a 2.3-meter optical telescope and a 1.2-meter infrared telescope.

The India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is a proposed underground neutrino observatory. It is designed to study neutrino astronomy and is a collaboration between India and several other countries.

The Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT) is located in the Central Himalayas, Uttarakhand. It is a 2-meter optical telescope designed for high-altitude observations.