Climate Change Policies and International Agreements

The Paris Agreement is a legally binding international treaty on climate change. The goal of the agreement is to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels.

Japan was the first country to ratify the Kyoto Protocol in 2002.

The main objective of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol is to promote sustainable development in developing countries by allowing them to earn certified emission reduction (CER) credits for projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

The Montreal Protocol is an international agreement that aims to phase out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances, including hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).

The main objective of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) is to provide financial assistance to developing countries for climate change mitigation and adaptation.

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Agreement aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from international aviation.

The main objective of the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement is to set national targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) Agreement aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping.

The main objective of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) is to provide financial assistance to developing countries for environmental protection.

The Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) Agreement aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.

The main objective of the Adaptation Fund under the Kyoto Protocol is to provide financial assistance to developing countries for climate change adaptation.

The Global Agriculture and Food Security Program (GAFSP) Agreement aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture.

The main objective of the Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN) is to promote the transfer of climate technologies to developing countries.

The Global Industry Coalition for Climate Change (GICCC) Agreement aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from industry.

The main objective of the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts is to provide financial assistance to developing countries for loss and damage associated with climate change impacts.