The Use of Music and Instruments in Bharatanatyam

Carnatic Music is the traditional music system used in Bharatanatyam. It is a South Indian classical music form characterized by its intricate melodies, rhythmic patterns, and improvisational nature.

The Mridangam is a double-headed drum that serves as the primary percussion instrument in Bharatanatyam. It is played with the hands and produces a rich, resonant sound that complements the dance movements.

The Violin, introduced to India during the British colonial period, has become an integral part of Bharatanatyam. Its ability to produce a wide range of melodies and emotions makes it a popular choice for accompanying the dance.

The Nattuvangam is the conductor of the Bharatanatyam performance. They provide rhythmic guidance to the dancers, singers, and musicians, ensuring that all elements of the performance are synchronized.

The Kanjira is a small, frame drum with a single head. It is played with the hands and produces sharp, rhythmic sounds that accentuate the dance movements.

The Jatiswaram is a pure dance piece that showcases the dancer's technical prowess and rhythmic abilities. It is typically performed at the beginning of a Bharatanatyam recital.

The Ghatam is a clay pot that is played by striking it with the fingers and palms. It produces a deep, resonant sound that adds a percussive element to the Bharatanatyam performance.

The vocalist in Bharatanatyam sings the lyrics of the song that accompanies the dance. The lyrics often convey the story or theme of the performance.

The Tambura is a string instrument with four or five strings. It is played by plucking the strings, creating a continuous drone that provides a harmonic foundation for the music.

The Abhinaya in Bharatanatyam refers to the expressive aspect of the dance, where the dancer uses gestures, facial expressions, and body movements to convey emotions, ideas, and stories.

The Sarangi is a bowed string instrument with a distinctive high-pitched sound. It is used to create a sense of tension and drama in Bharatanatyam performances.

The Mridangam player provides rhythmic accompaniment to the Bharatanatyam performance. They play the Mridangam, a double-headed drum, to create rhythmic patterns that complement the dance movements.

The Mridangam is used to create the rhythmic cycle or Tala in Bharatanatyam. The Mridangam player establishes the tempo and rhythmic patterns that guide the dancers and musicians throughout the performance.

The Varnam is a complex and demanding dance piece that showcases the dancer's technical skill and artistry. It typically consists of three sections: Pallavi, Anupallavi, and Charanam.

The Veena is a string instrument with a long history in Indian classical music. It is known for its rich, mellow sound and is often used to accompany Bharatanatyam performances.