To determine the minimum set of test input values to cover all valid equivalence partitions, we need to consider the different temperature ranges and conditions mentioned in the question.

Based on the information given, we can identify the following equivalence partitions:

1. Below 18 degrees (heating switched on)
2. Between 18 and 21 degrees (heating switched off)
3. Above 21 degrees (heating switched off)

To cover all valid equivalence partitions, we need to select test input values that represent each partition.

Let's analyze each option to see if it covers all the partitions:

Option A: 15, 19, 25

• 15 is below 18 degrees (heating switched on)
• 19 is between 18 and 21 degrees (heating switched off)
• 25 is above 21 degrees (heating switched off)

Option B: 17, 18, 20, 21

• 17 is below 18 degrees (heating switched on)
• 18 is between 18 and 21 degrees (heating switched off)
• 20 is between 18 and 21 degrees (heating switched off)
• 21 is above 21 degrees (heating switched off)

Option C: 18, 20, 22

• 18 is between 18 and 21 degrees (heating switched off)
• 20 is between 18 and 21 degrees (heating switched off)
• 22 is above 21 degrees (heating switched off)

Option D: 16, 26

• 16 is below 18 degrees (heating switched on)
• 26 is above 21 degrees (heating switched off)

Based on the analysis, Option A covers all the valid equivalence partitions. It includes a temperature below 18 degrees (heating switched on), a temperature between 18 and 21 degrees (heating switched off), and a temperature above 21 degrees (heating switched off).

Therefore, the correct answer is Option A: 15, 19, 25.

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To answer this question, let's go through each option and determine whether it falls within the given postal rates:

Option A) 0, 9, 19, 49, 50, 74, 75, 99, 100

• The postal rates are $0.25 up to 10 grams, $0.35 up to 50 grams, $0.45 up to 75 grams, and $0.55 up to 100 grams.
• Option A includes weights that are not within the given ranges, such as 9 grams and 19 grams. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

Option B) 10, 50, 75, 100, 250, 1000

• Option B includes weights that are not within the given ranges, such as 250 grams and 1000 grams. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

Option C) 0, 1, 10, 11, 50, 51, 75, 76, 100, 101

• The postal rates are $0.25 up to 10 grams, $0.35 up to 50 grams, $0.45 up to 75 grams, and $0.55 up to 100 grams.
• Option C includes weights that fall within the given ranges, such as 10 grams, 50 grams, 75 grams, and 100 grams. Therefore, this option is correct.

Option D) 25, 26, 35, 36, 45, 46, 55, 56

• Option D includes weights that are not within the given ranges, such as 25 grams and 35 grams. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

The correct answer is Option C. This option is correct because it includes weights that fall within the given postal rates.

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To answer this question, we need to understand the different types of testing and how they relate to objective testing.

Option A) Unit Testing - This option is incorrect because unit testing focuses on testing individual components or units of code. While unit testing is important for ensuring the correctness of individual units, it does not necessarily encourage objective testing of the entire system.

Option B) System Testing - This option is incorrect because system testing focuses on testing the entire system as a whole to ensure that all components work together correctly. While system testing is important for validating the system's behavior and functionality, it does not specifically encourage objective testing.

Option C) Independent Testing - This option is correct because independent testing refers to the practice of having a separate team or individual perform testing activities to ensure objectivity and reduce bias. By having an independent party carry out the testing, it encourages a more objective evaluation of the system.

Option D) Destructive Testing - This option is incorrect because destructive testing involves intentionally causing failures or faults in the system to assess its resilience and ability to recover. While destructive testing can be valuable in certain scenarios, it does not necessarily encourage objective testing.

The correct answer is C) Independent Testing. This option is correct because independent testing helps ensure objectivity in the testing process by involving a separate team or individual who can provide an unbiased evaluation of the system.

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To assess the coverage achieved for structure-based (white-box) test techniques, we need to consider which aspects of the structure have been exercised. Let's go through each option to understand which ones are correct:

Option A) V, W or Y - This option is incorrect because it includes option V, which refers to "Decision Outcomes Exercised." Decision outcomes are typically associated with black-box testing techniques, not structure-based (white-box) testing.

Option B) W, X or Y - This option is incorrect because it includes option X, which refers to "Boundaries Exercised." While boundary testing is commonly used in structure-based testing, it alone does not represent the coverage achieved by structure-based techniques.

Option C) V, Y or Z - This option is correct because it includes options Y and Z, which are both applicable to structure-based testing. "Conditions or multiple conditions exercised" (option Y) and "Statements Exercised" (option Z) are key elements to consider when assessing the coverage achieved by structure-based testing.

Option D) W, X or Z - This option is incorrect because it includes option W, which refers to "Partitions Exercised." Partitions are commonly associated with equivalence partitioning, which is a black-box testing technique, not structure-based testing.

Therefore, the correct answer is C. This option includes the aspects relevant to assessing coverage achieved by structure-based (white-box) test techniques.

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To answer this question, we need to understand the characteristics of poor software.

Option A) Only Project Risks - This option is incorrect. Poor software characteristics are not limited to project risks alone. There are other factors that contribute to poor software.

Option B) Only Product Risks - This option is correct. Poor software characteristics primarily refer to risks or issues related to the product itself. This can include bugs, crashes, security vulnerabilities, poor performance, and usability issues.

Option C) Project Risks and Product Risks - This option is incorrect. While project risks can contribute to poor software, the main focus is on the product itself.

Option D) Project Risks or Product Risks - This option is incorrect. Poor software characteristics typically refer to product risks, but it doesn't exclude the possibility of project risks contributing to poor software as well.

The correct answer is B) Only Product Risks. This option is correct because poor software characteristics primarily refer to risks or issues related to the product itself.

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