Bharat Ratna and General Knowledge Quiz

The Indian Penal Code (IPC) came into force in 1862 during British colonial rule, not in 1947. 1947 is the year of India's independence, but the IPC was drafted by the First Law Commission under Lord Macaulay and implemented much earlier, in 1862. It remains the foundation of criminal law in India.

Leonardo da Vinci was left-handed and known for mirror writing (writing that reads correctly when held up to a mirror). He also conceptualized an armored tank design among his many inventions. Da Vinci was Italian and spent his final years at the Château du Clos Lucé in France, where he died in 1519. The other options (Socrates, Michael Angelo, Plato) don't match all these characteristics.

In India's secular judicial system, judges preside over cases based on their legal authority and expertise, not their personal religious beliefs. A Hindu judge can preside over a Muslim couple's divorce proceedings under the relevant marriage laws. The question tests understanding of secular judiciary principles.

Aryabhata (476-550 CE) was the pioneering Indian mathematician-astronomer who worked on the value of pi as an irrational number, proposed heliocentrism (earth rotates on its axis and revolves around sun), and developed trigonometric functions. The other scientists listed came much later.

Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm, Sweden, grew up in Russia (where his father worked), studied in France and the US, and died in San Remo, Italy. The quoted philosophy reflects his personal views. Option D (Dr Zhivago) is a fictional character from Pasternak's novel.

Albert Einstein famously said 'Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.' He was also a founding supporter of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, serving on its first board of governors. The quote matches his known philosophical statements.

The Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, was instituted in 1954. The first recipients were C. Rajagopalachari, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and C.V. Raman, who received the award in 1954. The award was not given in 1953.

Jawaharlal Nehru received the Bharat Ratna in 1955, making option C correct. The Bharat Ratna is India's highest civilian award and Nehru was among the earliest recipients as the country's first Prime Minister.

No Bharat Ratna awards were conferred in 1969. The award was temporarily suspended during this period. The practice of giving Bharat Ratna awards had gaps in different years including 1969, and the next batch of awards came in 1971.

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam received the Bharat Ratna in 1997 along with freedom fighter Gulzari Lal Nanda. Kalam was honored for his contributions to scientific research and modern defense technology, particularly for his work with DRDO and ISRO.

The first non-citizen to receive Bharat Ratna was Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, known as Frontier Gandhi, who was from Pakistan. He received the award in 1987. The question is poorly worded but refers to the recipient's country of origin, not where they received it.

J. R. D. Tata received the Bharat Ratna in 1992 for his pioneering contributions to Indian industry and aviation. He founded Tata Airlines (which later became Air India) and was a visionary industrialist who built the Tata Group into a global conglomerate.

Pandit Bhimsen Joshi received the Bharat Ratna in 2008, the latest among the options listed. He was a legendary classical vocalist from the Kirana gharana. The question specifies 'latest (2008)' referring to the most recent recipient at that time.