Nationality Law: Citizenship by Expatriation and Jus Expatriationis

Citizenship by Expatriation refers to the loss of citizenship due to voluntary action, such as renouncing citizenship or taking up residence in a foreign country.

Jus Expatriationis is the legal principle that allows a country to deprive a citizen of their nationality, typically through voluntary action such as renouncing citizenship or taking up residence in a foreign country.

In 1967, the United States Supreme Court ruled in the case of Afroyim v. Rusk that Jus Expatriationis is a fundamental right protected by the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution.

Naturalization is the process of acquiring citizenship through legal means, typically involving a period of residency, passing a citizenship test, and taking an oath of allegiance.

Denaturalization is the process of losing citizenship through legal means, typically due to fraud, misrepresentation, or other violations of the law.

Jus Sanguinis is the principle that a person's nationality is determined by the nationality of their parents, regardless of their place of birth.

Jus Soli is the principle that a person's nationality is determined by their place of birth, regardless of the nationality of their parents.

Dual Citizenship, Multiple Citizenship, and Plural Citizenship all refer to the principle that a person can hold multiple citizenships.

Citizenship by Expatriation includes the process of renouncing citizenship, which is the voluntary act of giving up one's citizenship.

Marriage-Based Citizenship is the process of acquiring citizenship through marriage to a citizen of a particular country.

Military-Based Citizenship is the process of acquiring citizenship through military service in a particular country.

Investment-Based Citizenship is the process of acquiring citizenship through investment in a particular country.

Ancestry-Based Citizenship is the process of acquiring citizenship through descent from a citizen of a particular country.

Adoption-Based Citizenship is the process of acquiring citizenship through adoption by a citizen of a particular country.

Humanitarian-Based Citizenship is the process of acquiring citizenship through humanitarian reasons, such as persecution or refugee status.