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Causal Inference and Impact Evaluation Methods

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts, methods, and applications of causal inference and impact evaluation in economic data analysis.

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Questions

Question 1 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What is the primary objective of causal inference?

  1. To establish a causal relationship between two variables.
  2. To predict the value of one variable based on another.
  3. To describe the distribution of a variable.
  4. To test the significance of a statistical relationship.
Question 2 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following is NOT a common method for causal inference?

  1. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
  2. Observational studies
  3. Instrumental variables (IVs)
  4. Regression discontinuity design (RDD)
Question 3 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

In an RCT, participants are randomly assigned to either a treatment group or a control group. What is the purpose of the control group?

  1. To provide a comparison group for the treatment group.
  2. To increase the sample size of the study.
  3. To reduce the cost of the study.
  4. To ensure that the results are generalizable to the population.
Question 4 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What is the main challenge in conducting observational studies for causal inference?

  1. The presence of confounding factors.
  2. The lack of random assignment.
  3. The small sample size.
  4. The high cost of data collection.
Question 5 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following is an example of an instrumental variable (IV)?

  1. Age
  2. Gender
  3. Education
  4. Lottery winning
Question 6 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What is the key assumption of the regression discontinuity design (RDD)?

  1. The treatment variable is randomly assigned.
  2. The outcome variable is continuous.
  3. The treatment variable has a sharp discontinuity at a specific threshold.
  4. The confounding factors are evenly distributed across the treatment and control groups.
Question 7 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following is a common measure of the causal effect in impact evaluation?

  1. Average treatment effect (ATE)
  2. Average treatment effect on the treated (ATT)
  3. Instrumental variable (IV) estimate
  4. Regression discontinuity design (RDD) estimate
Question 8 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What is the difference between the ATE and the ATT?

  1. The ATE includes the effect of the treatment on both treated and untreated individuals, while the ATT only includes the effect on treated individuals.
  2. The ATE is calculated using an RCT, while the ATT is calculated using an observational study.
  3. The ATE is a measure of the average effect of the treatment, while the ATT is a measure of the average effect of the treatment on the treated.
  4. The ATE is always positive, while the ATT can be negative.
Question 9 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following is NOT a potential threat to the validity of an impact evaluation?

  1. Selection bias
  2. Confounding factors
  3. Measurement error
  4. Random assignment
Question 10 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What is the purpose of a sensitivity analysis in impact evaluation?

  1. To assess the robustness of the results to different assumptions and specifications.
  2. To increase the sample size of the study.
  3. To reduce the cost of the study.
  4. To ensure that the results are generalizable to the population.
Question 11 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following is an example of a non-experimental method for impact evaluation?

  1. Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
  2. Regression discontinuity design (RDD)
  3. Matching methods
  4. Instrumental variables (IVs)
Question 12 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What is the main challenge in using matching methods for impact evaluation?

  1. The lack of a random assignment.
  2. The presence of confounding factors.
  3. The small sample size.
  4. The high cost of data collection.
Question 13 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following is a common type of matching method used in impact evaluation?

  1. Propensity score matching
  2. Exact matching
  3. Coarsened exact matching
  4. Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS)
Question 14 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What is the role of a counterfactual in causal inference?

  1. To represent the outcome that would have occurred in the absence of the treatment.
  2. To estimate the average treatment effect.
  3. To select the appropriate control group.
  4. To assess the robustness of the results.
Question 15 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following is NOT a common type of impact evaluation study design?

  1. Before-and-after study
  2. Cross-sectional study
  3. Panel study
  4. Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
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