Self and Eschatology in Indian Philosophy

Atman is the Sanskrit word for 'Self' and is a central concept in Indian philosophy, particularly in the Upanishads and Vedanta schools of thought.

The Upanishads teach that Atman, the individual Self, is identical to Brahman, the universal Self or Absolute Reality.

Moksha, also known as liberation or enlightenment, is the ultimate goal of the Self in Indian philosophy. It is the state of freedom from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (samsara) and the attainment of spiritual realization.

Buddhism, particularly the Abhidharma school, emphasizes the concept of anatman, which denies the existence of a permanent, unchanging Self.

Karma is a central concept in Indian philosophy that encompasses the law of cause and effect, the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, and the accumulation of merit and demerit based on one's actions.

The Bhagavad Gita presents multiple paths to liberation, including bhakti (devotion), jnana (knowledge), and karma (action), emphasizing that different individuals may find liberation through different paths.

Maya is a concept in Indian philosophy that refers to the illusion or veil of ignorance that conceals the true nature of reality and leads to attachment and suffering.

Purusha is a central concept in the Nyaya school of Indian philosophy, referring to the conscious, unchanging Self that is distinct from the material world.

Samsara is a central concept in Indian philosophy, referring to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth that individuals experience due to their karma and attachments.

Jiva is a central concept in the Vaisheshika school of Indian philosophy, referring to the individual Self or soul that is associated with a body and experiences the fruits of its actions.

Jivanmukti is a concept in Indian philosophy that refers to the state of liberation or moksha that can be attained while still living in the physical body.

Dharma is a central concept in the Mimamsa school of Indian philosophy, referring to the moral and ethical duties and obligations that individuals must fulfill in order to achieve spiritual progress and liberation.

Videhamukti is a concept in Indian philosophy that refers to the state of liberation or moksha that is attained after death, when the soul is released from the cycle of birth and rebirth.

Ishvara is a central concept in the Yoga school of Indian philosophy, referring to the Supreme Being or God who is the creator, sustainer, and destroyer of the universe.

Kaivalya is a concept in Indian philosophy, particularly in the Yoga school, that refers to the state of liberation or moksha that is attained after death, when the soul is completely isolated from the material world and united with the Supreme Being.