The Concept of Avayava: Members of an Inference

Sadhya is the proposition that is to be proved in an inference.

Hethu is the member of an inference that provides the reason or evidence for the conclusion.

Paksha is the term for the subject or instance to which the inference is applied.

Drishtanta is the member of an inference that is an example or instance that supports the conclusion.

Vyapti is the term for the statement that connects the hethu and the sadhya.

Upanaya is not a member of an inference according to Vaisheshika philosophy.

Anumana is the term for the process of reasoning or inferring a conclusion from evidence.

Kevalanvayi is the type of inference that is based on the relationship between a cause and its effect.

Vyatireki is the term for the type of inference that is based on the absence of a cause and its effect.

Anvayavyatireki is the type of inference that is based on the presence of a cause and the absence of its effect.

Savyabhichara is the term for the type of inference that is based on the absence of a cause and the presence of its effect.

Arthapatti is not a type of inference according to Vaisheshika philosophy.

Hetvabhasa is the term for the fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from insufficient evidence.

Savyabhichara is not a type of hetvabhasa.

Viruddha is the term for the fallacy that occurs when the conclusion contradicts the evidence.